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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/25 19:33:37」(JST)

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Hepacivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Flaviviridae. Humans serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis; hepatocellular carcinoma.^[1]^[2]

The type species is Hepatitis C virus.

Taxonomy

Group: ssRNA(+)

Order: Unassigned

Family: Flaviviridae
- Genus: Hepacivirus
  Hepatitis C virus

^[2]

Structure

Viruses in Hepacivirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 50 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 10kb in length.^[1]

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic Arrangement	Genomic Segmentation
Hepacivirus	Icosahedral-like	Pseudo T=3	Enveloped	Linear	Monopartite

Life Cycle

Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral envelope protein E to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by viral initiation. Human serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.^[1]

Genus	Host Details	Tissue Tropism	Entry Details	Release Details	Replication Site	Assembly Site	Transmission
Hepacivirus	Humans	Epithelium: skin; epithelium: kidney; epithelium: intestine; epithelium: testes	Clathrin-mediated endocytosis	Secretion	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Sex; blood

History

HCV, which is the causative agent of the hepatitis C in humans and the type species of the genus, was discovered in 1989.^[3]

GBV-B virus (also known as GB virus B) discovered in 1995 is capable of infecting New World monkeys, in particular tamarins. Like HCV it is transmitted by the blood-borne route and similar to HCV it is associated with the viral hepatitis. However GBV-B has never been identified in wild animals and its natural host is not known.^[3]

Additional Information

Additional hepaciviruses have been described from bats, rodents including bank voles, horses and dogs.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Cattle also appear to be a host for these viruses.^[7]^[8]

Rodent hepacivirus is found in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus).^[3]

A species related to this group has been isolated from the graceful catshark (Proscyllium habereri).^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Stapleton, J. T.; Foung, S.; Muerhoff, A. S.; Bukh, J.; Simmonds, P. (2010). "The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae". Journal of General Virology 92 (2): 233–246. doi:10.1099/vir.0.027490-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMC 3081076. PMID 21084497.
^ Kapoor, A; Simmonds, P; Scheel, TK; Hjelle, B; Cullen, JM; Burbelo, PD; Chauhan, LV; Duraisamy, R; Sanchez Leon, M; Jain, K; Vandegrift, KJ; Calisher, CH; Rice, CM; Lipkin, WI (2013). "Identification of rodent homologs of hepatitis C virus and pegiviruses". MBio 4 (2): e00216–13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00216-13. PMC 3622934. PMID 23572554.
^ Drexler, JF; Corman, VM; Müller, MA; Lukashev, AN; Gmyl, A; Coutard, B; Adam, A; Ritz, D; Leijten, LM; van Riel, D; Kallies, R; Klose, SM; Gloza-Rausch, F; Binger, T; Annan, A; Adu-Sarkodie, Y; Oppong, S; Bourgarel, M; Rupp, D; Hoffmann, B; Schlegel, M; Kümmerer, BM; Krüger, DH; Schmidt-Chanasit, J; Setién, AA; Cottontail, VM; Hemachudha, T; Wacharapluesadee, S; Osterrieder, K; Bartenschlager, R; Matthee, S; Beer, M; Kuiken, T; Reusken, C; Leroy, EM; Ulrich, RG; Drosten, C (2013). "Evidence for novel hepaciviruses in rodents". PLoS Pathog 9 (6): e1003438. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003438.
^ Lauck M, Sibley SD, Lara J, Purdy MA, Khudyakov Y, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, Switzer WM, Chapman CA, Hughes AL, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH, Goldberg TL (2013) A novel hepacivirus with an unusually long and intrinsically disordered NS5A protein in a wild Old World primate. J Virol
^ Corman, VM; Grundhoff, A; Baechlein, C; Fischer, N; Gmyl, A; Wollny, R; Dei, D; Ritz, D; Binger, T; Adankwah, E; Marfo, KS; Annison, L; Annan, A; Adu-Sarkodie, Y; Oppong, S; Becher, P; Drosten, C; Drexler, JF. "Highly divergent hepaciviruses from African cattle". J Virol 89 (11): 5876–82. doi:10.1128/JVI.00393-15.
^ Baechlein, C; Fischer, N; Grundhoff, A; Alawi, M; Indenbirken, D; Postel, A; Baron, AL; Offinger, J; Becker, K; Beineke, A; Rehage, J; Becher, P (2015). "Identification of a novel hepacivirus in domestic cattle from Germany". J Virol 89 (14): 7007–7015. doi:10.1128/JVI.00534-15.
^ Shi M, Lin XD, Vasilakis N, Tian JH, Li CX, Chen LJ, Eastwood G, Diao XN, Chen MH, Chen X, Qin XC, Widen SG, Wood TG, Tesh RB, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ (2015) Divergent viruses discovered in arthropods and vertebrates revise the evolutionary history of the Flaviviridae and related viruses. J Virol pii: JVI.02036-15

External links

Viralzone: Hepacivirus
ICTV
Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Flaviviridae

English Journal

Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Areas with a High Prevalence of HCV in the Republic of Korea in 2013.

Sohn HS1, Kim JR2, Ryu SY3, Lee YJ4, Lee MJ5, Min HJ6, Lee J7, Choi HY8, Song YJ9, Ki M8.
Gut and liver.Gut Liver.2016 Jan 23;10(1):126-32. doi: 10.5009/gnl14403.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Busan, Gyeongnam, and Jeonnam Provinces in Korea is more than twice the national average. This study aimed to examine whether demographic and lifestyle characteristics are associated with HCV infection in these areas.METHODS: A
PMID 26260752

Frequent presence of hepaci and pegiviruses in commercial equine serum pools.

Postel A1, Cavalleri JM2, Pfaender S3, Walter S3, Steinmann E3, Fischer N4, Feige K2, Haas L1, Becher P5.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2016 Jan 15;182:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.032. Epub 2015 Nov 1.
Novel viruses belonging to the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus have recently been discovered in horses and other animal species. Viral genomes of non-primate hepaciviruses (NPHV), equine pegivirus 1 (EPgV 1) and Theiler's disease associated virus (TDAV) were detected in a horse serum routinely used
PMID 26711022

Seroprevalence of arboviruses among blood donors in French Polynesia, 2011-2013.

Aubry M1, Finke J2, Teissier A3, Roche C3, Broult J4, Paulous S5, Desprès P6, Cao-Lormeau VM3, Musso D3.
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.Int J Infect Dis.2015 Dec;41:11-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
OBJECTIVES: French Polynesia is a high epidemic/endemic area for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). We recently reported the silent circulation of Ross River virus and absence of active transmission of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) among blood donors sampled before the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV)
PMID 26482390

Related Pictures

Hepatitis virales C型肝炎ウイルス - Hepacivirus C - JapaneseClass.jp $E:\Seminario De Hepatitis (Leonardo Guevara U)$ Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C virus; HCV Hepacivirus - microbewiki オーシャンクリニック／内科／01.C型肝炎 Research,HCV Hepacivirus ~ ViralZone page

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リンク元	「ヘパシウイルス属」「ヘパシウイルス」
拡張検索	「Hepacivirus属」

「ヘパシウイルス属」

Hepacivirus
Virus classification
Group:	Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Family:	Flaviviridae
Genus:	Hepacivirus
Species
	Canine hepacivirus; Equine hepacivirus; GB virus B; Guereza hepacivirus; Hepatitis C virus; Rodent hepacivirus

　　[★]

英: Hepacivirus
関: C型肝炎ウイルス、ヘパシウイルス、Hepacivirus属

「ヘパシウイルス」

　　[★]

英: Hepacivirus
関: ヘパシウイルス属、Hepacivirus属

「Hepacivirus属」

　　[★]

ラ: Hepacivirus
関: ヘパシウイルス属、ヘパシウイルス

[ViralZone-1] "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.

[ICTV-2] ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.

[StapletonFoung2010-3] Stapleton, J. T.; Foung, S.; Muerhoff, A. S.; Bukh, J.; Simmonds, P. (2010). "The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae". Journal of General Virology 92 (2): 233–246. doi:10.1099/vir.0.027490-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMC 3081076. PMID 21084497.

[Kapoor2013-4] Kapoor, A; Simmonds, P; Scheel, TK; Hjelle, B; Cullen, JM; Burbelo, PD; Chauhan, LV; Duraisamy, R; Sanchez Leon, M; Jain, K; Vandegrift, KJ; Calisher, CH; Rice, CM; Lipkin, WI (2013). "Identification of rodent homologs of hepatitis C virus and pegiviruses". MBio 4 (2): e00216–13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00216-13. PMC 3622934. PMID 23572554.

[Drexler2013-5] Drexler, JF; Corman, VM; Müller, MA; Lukashev, AN; Gmyl, A; Coutard, B; Adam, A; Ritz, D; Leijten, LM; van Riel, D; Kallies, R; Klose, SM; Gloza-Rausch, F; Binger, T; Annan, A; Adu-Sarkodie, Y; Oppong, S; Bourgarel, M; Rupp, D; Hoffmann, B; Schlegel, M; Kümmerer, BM; Krüger, DH; Schmidt-Chanasit, J; Setién, AA; Cottontail, VM; Hemachudha, T; Wacharapluesadee, S; Osterrieder, K; Bartenschlager, R; Matthee, S; Beer, M; Kuiken, T; Reusken, C; Leroy, EM; Ulrich, RG; Drosten, C (2013). "Evidence for novel hepaciviruses in rodents". PLoS Pathog 9 (6): e1003438. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003438.

[Lauck2013-6] Lauck M, Sibley SD, Lara J, Purdy MA, Khudyakov Y, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, Switzer WM, Chapman CA, Hughes AL, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH, Goldberg TL (2013) A novel hepacivirus with an unusually long and intrinsically disordered NS5A protein in a wild Old World primate. J Virol

[Corman2015-7] Corman, VM; Grundhoff, A; Baechlein, C; Fischer, N; Gmyl, A; Wollny, R; Dei, D; Ritz, D; Binger, T; Adankwah, E; Marfo, KS; Annison, L; Annan, A; Adu-Sarkodie, Y; Oppong, S; Becher, P; Drosten, C; Drexler, JF. "Highly divergent hepaciviruses from African cattle". J Virol 89 (11): 5876–82. doi:10.1128/JVI.00393-15.

[Baechlein2015-8] Baechlein, C; Fischer, N; Grundhoff, A; Alawi, M; Indenbirken, D; Postel, A; Baron, AL; Offinger, J; Becker, K; Beineke, A; Rehage, J; Becher, P (2015). "Identification of a novel hepacivirus in domestic cattle from Germany". J Virol 89 (14): 7007–7015. doi:10.1128/JVI.00534-15.

[Shi2015-9] Shi M, Lin XD, Vasilakis N, Tian JH, Li CX, Chen LJ, Eastwood G, Diao XN, Chen MH, Chen X, Qin XC, Widen SG, Wood TG, Tesh RB, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ (2015) Divergent viruses discovered in arthropods and vertebrates revise the evolutionary history of the Flaviviridae and related viruses. J Virol pii: JVI.02036-15

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Hepacivirus