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sticky perennial Eurasian herbs (同)genus Glycyrrhiza

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/17 15:20:44」(JST)

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Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as Chinese liquorice,^[3] is a flowering plant native to Asia, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Medicinal uses

Liquorice root, or 'radix glycyrrhizae', is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it has the name gancao (kan-tsao; Chinese: 甘草, pinyin: gāncǎo).^[1] It is usually collected in spring and autumn, when it is removed from the rootlet and dried in the sun. Liquorice root is most commonly produced in the Shanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang regions of China.^[4]

As well as traditional Chinese medicine, liquorice root is used in Greco-Arab and Unani medicines, as well as in the traditional medicines of Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Pakistan, India and other Asian nations^{[citation needed]}. Its Arabic name is 'Asal-as-Soos' and in Pakistan / India it is referred as 'Mulethi'. The Greco-Arab (Unani) Medicine recommend its oral use after removal of external layer to avoid side effects.^{[citation needed]} People with heart conditions or high blood pressure should avoid ingesting extensive amounts of liquorice, as it can further heighten blood pressure and lead to stroke.^{[medical citation needed]}

A Chinese legend tells how liquorice root first came to be used in traditional Chinese medicine:

A long time ago, there was an old doctor with excellent medicine skills. He opened his medical office in his home with a few students as assistants. One time, he had to leave home for a couple of days, and before the old doctor left, he gave his students several drug packages in order for them to help out with the home patients. The old doctor did not return home on time, and the medicine he left for his students were running out, and there were still many patients to cure. In the backyard, however, there were some chopped and dried grasses used for boiling the water left, so the students administered them to the patients and told them that it was their teacher’s medicine. Magically, the patients who were suffering from spleen and stomach problems, coughing phlegm, or with sore throats and ulcers were cured from this medicine. These dried grasses were liquorice roots. Since then, liquorice roots have been widely used in Chinese medicine and healing.^{[citation needed]}

Side effects

Liquorice root contains glycyrrhizin, which can cause high blood pressure, salt and water retention, and low potassium levels; it could also lead to heart problems. Patients who take liquorice with diuretics or medicines that reduce the body’s potassium levels could induce even lower potassium levels. Taking large amounts of liquorice root could also affect cortisol levels as well.^{[citation needed]} People with heart disease or high blood pressure should be cautious about taking liquorice root. Pregnant women also need to avoid liquorice root because it could increase the risk of preterm labor.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b "Glycyrrhiza uralensis - Plants For A Future database report". Retrieved 2008-02-08.
^ "Catalogue of Life : 2010 Annual Checklist : Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.". Retrieved 2010-07-10.
^ "Glycyrrhiza uralensis information from NPGS/GRIN". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
^ “Gan Cao.” Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. http://www.aompress.com/book_herbology/pdfs/GanCao.pdf. 25 April 2010.
^ "liquorice Root". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. http://nccih.nih.gov/health/liquoriceroot/. 25 April 2010.^{[dead link]}

External links

Spice Pages: liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis, liquorice)
Science Direct
Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine
Radix Glycyrrhizae at damo-qigong.net

UpToDate Contents

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1. 見かけの鉱質コルチコイド過剰（AME）症候群（長期甘草摂取を含む） apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndromes including chronic licorice ingestion
2. アレルギー疾患の治療のための漢方薬 chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of allergic diseases
3. 成人における急性咽頭炎の対症療法 symptomatic treatment of acute pharyngitis in adults
4. 全身性疾患のミオパシー myopathies of systemic disease
5. 漢方薬および栄養補助食品の概要 overview of herbal medicine and dietary supplements

English Journal

Liquorice reduced cyclosporine bioavailability by activating P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A.

Hou YC, Lin SP, Chao PD.SourceSchool of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: hou5133@gmail.com.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2012 Dec 15;135(4):2307-12. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.061. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
Liquorice (root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH) is an ingredient of candies and used as a popular medicine in Europe and oriental countries. Cyclosporine (CsA), an immunosuppressant with narrow therapeutic window, is widely used in transplant patients. The absorption and disposition of CsA were asso
PMID 22980806

Analytical strategy to reveal the in vivo process of multi-component herbal medicine: A pharmacokinetic study of licorice using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Qiao X, Ye M, Xiang C, Wang Q, Liu CF, Miao WJ, Guo DA.SourceState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
Journal of chromatography. A.J Chromatogr A.2012 Oct 5;1258:84-93. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.041. Epub 2012 Aug 17.
Although various techniques have been employed to analyze drug metabolites, the metabolism of multi-component herbal medicine has seldom been fully addressed. In contrast to chemical drugs, a number of compounds in herbal medicine could get into circulation and then be metabolized. Moreover, these c
PMID 22939378

Japanese Journal

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root extracts produced using artificial hydroponic and artificial hydroponic-field hybrid cultivation systems

Journal of natural medicines 71(1), 265-271, 2017
NAID 40021062783

A study on effects and functions of developed Greening Soil Materials (GSM) for combating desertification

Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 2(56), 1928-1933, 2016
NAID 130005124188

An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of five phytohormones in medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis under abscisic acid stress

Journal of natural medicines 69(3), 278-286, 2015
NAID 40020494251

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リンク元	「ウラルカンゾウ」
関連記事	「Glycyrrhiza」

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Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Genus:	Glycyrrhiza
Species:	G. uralensis
Binomial name
	Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Fisch.
Synonyms
	Glycyrrhiza asperrima var. desertorum Regel; Glycyrrhiza asperrima var. uralensis Regel; Glycyrrhiza glandulifera Ledeb.