Geastraceae

Earthstars
	Geastrum triplex
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Subclass:	Phallomycetidae
Order:	Geastrales; K.Hosaka & Castellano (2007)
Family:	Geastraceae; Corda (1842)
Type genus
	Geastrum; Pers. (1801)
Genera
	Geasteroides; Geastrum; Myriostoma; Nidulariopsis; Phialastrum; Radiigera; Schenella; Sphaerobolus
Synonyms
	Sphaerobolaceae J.Schröter (1889)

WordNet

a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales (同)family Geastraceae

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/21 08:57:03」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

This article is about fungi commonly known as earth stars. For other uses, see Earth Star.

The Geastrales are an order of gasterocarpic basidiomycetes (fungi) that relates to Cantharellales. The order contains the single family Geastraceae, commonly known as "earthstars". It includes the genera Geastrum and Myriostoma. About 64 species are classified in this family, divided among eight genera. Older classifications place this family in the order Lycoperdales, but more recently they had been placed in Phallales.^[4] As of 2010, the family is classified as the sole taxon in the Geastrales order.^[5]

One member of the Geastraceae, Sphaerobolus stellatus—a nuisance organism in landscapes known as "shotgun fungus" or "cannonball fungus"—colonizes wood-based mulches and may throw black, spore-containing globs onto nearby painted surfaces.

The fruit bodies of several earthstars are hygroscopic: in dry weather the "petals" will dry and curl up around the soft spore sac, protecting it. In this state, often the whole fungus becomes detached from the ground and may roll around as a tumbleweed does. When the weather dampens, the "petals" moisten and uncurl and some even curl backward lifting the spore sac up. This then allows rain or animal movement to hit the spore sac so it will puff out spores when enough moisture is present for them to germinate.

References[edit source | edit]

^ Hosaka K, Bates ST, Beever RE, Castellano MA, Colgan W 3rd, Domínguez LS, Nouhra ER, Geml J, Giachini AJ, Kenney SR, Simpson NB, Spatafora JW, Trappe JM. (2006). "Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders". Mycologia 98 (6): 949–59. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.949. PMID 17486971.
^ Corda ACJ. (1842). Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum (in Latin) 5. Prague: J.G. Calve. pp. 1–92 (see p. 25).
^ Kirk et al. (2008), p. 648.
^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA. (2001). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. p. 205. ISBN 0-85199-377-X.
^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 274. ISBN 9780851998268.

External links[edit source | edit]

Geastrales in Index Fungorum.

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English Journal

Integrative taxonomy reveals an unexpected diversity in Geastrum section Geastrum (Geastrales, Basidiomycota).

Zamora JC1, Calonge FD1, Martín MP1.
Persoonia.Persoonia.2015 Jun;34:130-65. doi: 10.3767/003158515X687443. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
A revision of the classification of Geastrum sect. Geastrum is presented on the basis of an integrative taxonomic approach, which involves the study of morphological, molecular, ecological, and chorological data. Four DNA regions are analysed: the ITS and LSU nrDNA, rpb1, and atp6. Phylogenetic reco
PMID 26240450

Combining morphological and phylogenetic analyses to unravel systematics in Geastrum sect. Schmidelia.

Zamora JC1, de Diego Calonge F2, Martín MP2.
Mycologia.Mycologia.2014 Nov-Dec;106(6):1199-211. doi: 10.3852/14-072. Epub 2014 Aug 24.
Systematics of the recently proposed Geastrum sect. Schmidelia are addressed through statistical analyses of quantitative morphological variables and phylogenetic reconstructions based on a multilocus approach. Emphasis is given to the taxonomic placement of G. schmidelii var. parvisporum. This vari
PMID 25152001

Phylogenetic relationships of the Gomphales based on nuc-25S-rDNA, mit-12S-rDNA, and mit-atp6-DNA combined sequences.

Giachini AJ1, Hosaka K, Nouhra E, Spatafora J, Trappe JM.
Fungal biology.Fungal Biol.2010 Feb-Mar;114(2-3):224-34. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.01.002. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
Phylogenetic relationships among Geastrales, Gomphales, Hysterangiales, and Phallales were estimated via combined sequences: nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc-25S-rDNA), mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mit-12S-rDNA), and mitochondrial atp6 DNA (mit-atp6-DNA). Eighty-one taxa compri
PMID 20943133

Japanese Journal

On Geastrum argentinum, a forgotten species

Mycoscience : official journal of the Mycological Society of Japan 55(3), 177-182, 2014-05
NAID 40020035011

Floristic study of Geastrum in Japan : three new records for Japanese mycobiota and reexamination of the authentic specimen of Geastrum minus reported by Sanshi Imai

Mycoscience 50(2), 84-93, 2009-03-25
NAID 10025152456

ヒメツチグリ目の分子系統とSclerogasterの系統的位置

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B, Botany 34(4), 161-173, 2008-12
NAID 110007184953

Related Pictures

Geastraceae | BioLib.cz Geastraceae - MATTEOPHOTO Agaricomycotina Stock Photos & Agaricomycotina Stock Images - Alamy Earthstar, Geastrum Striatum, Geastraceae, Syn Geastrum Bryantii Stock Photo, Royalty Geastraceae puffball by mycelialpix on DeviantArt

[Hosaka2007-1] Hosaka K, Bates ST, Beever RE, Castellano MA, Colgan W 3rd, Domínguez LS, Nouhra ER, Geml J, Giachini AJ, Kenney SR, Simpson NB, Spatafora JW, Trappe JM. (2006). "Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders". Mycologia 98 (6): 949–59. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.949. PMID 17486971.

[Corda1842-2] Corda ACJ. (1842). Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum (in Latin) 5. Prague: J.G. Calve. pp. 1–92 (see p. 25).

[3] Kirk et al. (2008), p. 648.

[Kirk2001-4] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA. (2001). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. p. 205. ISBN 0-85199-377-X.

[Kirk2008-5] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 274. ISBN 9780851998268.

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