Galton whistle

ゴールトン笛

WordNet

1. utter or express by whistling; "She whistled a melody"
2. a small wind instrument that produces a whistling sound by blowing into it
3. acoustic device that forces air or steam against an edge or into a cavity and so produces a loud shrill sound
4. the act of signalling (e.g., summoning) by whistling or blowing a whistle; "the whistle signalled the end of the game" (同)whistling
5. the sound made by something moving rapidly or by steam coming out of a small aperture (同)whistling
6. make a whining, ringing, or whistling sound; "the kettle was singing"; "the bullet sang past his ear" (同)sing
7. give a signal by whistling; "She whistled for her maid"
8. make whistling sounds; "He lay there, snoring and whistling"
9. move with, or as with, a whistling sound; "The bullets whistled past him"
10. move, send, or bring as if by whistling; "Her optimism whistled away these worries"
11. a card game for four players who form two partnerships; a pack of 52 cards is dealt and each side scores one point for each trick it takes in excess of six (同)long whist, short whist
12. English scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields including heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, and anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911) (同)Francis Galton, Sir Francis Galton
13. the act of whistling a tune; "his cheerful whistling indicated that he enjoyed his work"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『口笛を吹く』;口笛を吹いて合図する / 『口笛のような音を出す』;笛を鳴らす;〈鳥が〉ピーピー鳴く / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈弾丸・風などが〉『ピューと音を立てて飛ぶ』,ヒューと吹く / 〈曲など〉‘を'『口笛で吹く』 / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…‘に'『口笛で合図をする』 / 〈矢・銃弾など〉‘を'ヒヴーと放つ / 〈C〉『口笛;警笛』,汽笛;ホイッスル / 〈U〉〈C〉(笛・風・鳥などの)ピューという音《+of+名》
2. ホイスト(四人二組に分かれてするカードゲーム;今のブリッジの前身)
3. 口笛(笛)を吹くこと;ピュー(ヒュー)と鳴る音

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/06 18:54:11」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the use of political code words, see Dog-whistle politics.

Dog whistles (left) adjustable, (right) fixed frequency

Galton whistle, the first "dog whistle"

A dog whistle (also known as silent whistle or Galton's whistle) is a type of whistle that emits sound in the ultrasonic range, which people cannot hear but some other animals can, including dogs and domestic cats, and is used in their training. It was invented in 1876 by Francis Galton and is mentioned in his book Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development, in which he describes experiments to test the range of frequencies that could be heard by various animals, such as a house cat.

The maximum upper range of human hearing is about 20 kHz for children, declining to 15-17 kHz for middle-age adults. The top end of a dog's hearing range is about 45 kHz, while a cat's is 64 kHz. It is thought that the wild ancestors of cats and dogs evolved this higher hearing range in order to hear high-frequency sounds made by their preferred prey, small rodents. The frequency of most dog whistles is within the range of 23 to 54 kHz, so they are above the range of human hearing, although some are adjustable down into the audible range.

To human ears, a dog whistle makes only a quiet hissing sound. The advantage of the dog whistle is that it doesn't produce a loud irritating noise for humans that a normal whistle would produce, so it can be used to train or command animals without disturbing nearby people. Some dog whistles have adjustable sliders for active control of the frequency produced. Trainers may use the whistle simply to gather a dog's attention, or to inflict pain for the purpose of behaviour modification.

In addition to lung-powered whistles, there are also electronic dog whistle devices that emit ultrasonic sound via piezoelectric emitters. The electronic variety are sometimes coupled with bark-detection circuits in an effort to curb barking behaviour. This kind of whistle can also be used to determine the hearing range for people and for physics demonstrations requiring ultrasonic sounds.

References

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English Journal

• [History of the tuning fork. III: On the way to quantitative pure-tone measurement. Pictures from the history of otorhinolaryngology, represented by instruments from the collection of the Ingolstadt German Medical History Museum].

• Feldmann H1.
• Laryngo- rhino- otologie.Laryngorhinootologie.1997 Jul;76(7):428-34.
• PMID 9333296

• [The Galton whistle and discovery of presbycusis. Images from the history of otorhinolaryngology, exemplified by equipment from the collection of the Ingolstadt German Medical History Museum].

• Feldmann H1.
• Laryngo- rhino- otologie.Laryngorhinootologie.1995 May;74(5):329-34.
• PMID 7605577

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リンク元	「ゴールトン笛」
関連記事	「whistle」

「ゴールトン笛」

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英

Galton whistle

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「whistle」

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