関: magnesium silicate

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/03 17:26:23」(JST)

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Synthetic magnesium silicates are white, odorless, finely divided powders formed by the precipitation reaction of water-soluble sodium silicate (water glass) and a water-soluble magnesium salt such as magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulfate. The composition of the precipitate depends on the ratio of the components in the reaction medium, the addition of the correcting substances, and the way in which they are precipitated.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The molecular formula is typically written as MgO:XSiO₂, where X denotes the average mole ratio of SiO₂ to MgO. The product is hydrated and the formula is sometimes written MgO:XSiO₂•H₂O to show the water of hydration.

Properties

Unlike natural magnesium silicates like talc and forsterite olivine which are crystalline, synthetic magnesium silicates are amorphous.^[1] Synthetic magnesium silicates are insoluble in water or alcohol.^[4] The particles are usually porous, and the BET surface area can range from less than 100 m²/g to several hundred m²/g.

Applications

The very large active surface makes synthetic magnesium silicate useful for a wide variety of applications: purifying adsorbent (polyols, animal and vegetable oils, chromatography,^[5] dry cleaning, sugar, resins, odors); filler (rubber, ceramics, paper, glass, refractories); anti-caking agent (salt); catalyst; catalyst carrier; filter medium.^[4]

The U.S. Food Chemicals Codex,^[6] JECFA,^[7] and other monographs for Food Grade synthetic magnesium silicate specify a mole ratio of 2MgO:5SiO₂. The most common use for Food Grade synthetic magnesium silicate is as an active filter aid for adsorption of color, free fatty acids and other polar compounds from used frying oils.^[8]^[9] Various national and international regulations allow use of this material as an anti-caking agent in a wide variety of powdered foods.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

When used as a food additive, it is safe to ingest synthetic magnesium silicate. In 1990, the safety of synthetic magnesium silicate was reviewed by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) together with that of silica and the other metal alkali silicates.^[10] The SCF noted that “the available data, including a number of short-term studies in two species, appear to substantiate the biological inertness of those compounds”. The SCF established a group Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) not specified for silicon dioxide and the alkali metal silicates.

References

^ ^a ^b Ralph K. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid, and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons (1979)
^ Krysztafkiewics, A., Lipska, L.K., Ciesielczyk, F., and Jesionowski, T. Amorphous magnesium silicate – synthesis, physicochemical properties and surface morphology. Advanced Powder Technol, 15, 549, 2004.
^ Ciesielczyk, F., Krysztafkiewics, A., Jesionowski, T. Physicochemical studies on precipitated magnesium silicates. J Mater Sci. 42, 3831, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, Van Nostrand and Reinhold Co. Inc., New York, NY (1987)
^ U.S. Silica, FLORISIL®
^ Food Chemicals Codex, Seventh Edition, United Book Press Inc., Baltimore, MD (2010)
^ Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, 61st Session, published in NFP 52, Add 11, 2003.
^ ACE Filters International; Miracle FP
^ Michael D. Erickson (Editor), Deep Frying: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Practical Applications, 2ND Edition, AOCS Press (2007)
^ ^a ^b Codex Alimentarius General Standard for Food Additives, Codex Alimentarius, Volume 1, General Requirements, 1991
^ 21 CFR 182.2437, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations
^ European Union Commission Directive 2008/84/EC of 27 August 2008
^ No. 98-90, Korea Food and Drug Administration Bulletin

English Journal

Optimization of matrix solid-phase dispersion for the rapid determination of salicylate and benzophenone-type UV absorbing substances in marketed fish.

Tsai DY1, Chen CL1, Ding WH2.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.2Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan. Electronic address: wanghsiending@gmail.com.AbstractA simple and effective method for the rapid determination of five salicylate and benzophenone-type UV absorbing substances in marketed fish is described. The method involves the use of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) prior to their determination by on-line silylation gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The parameters that affect the extraction efficiency were optimized using a Box-Behnken design method. The optimal extraction conditions involved dispersing 0.5g of freeze-dried powdered fish with 1.0g of Florisil using a mortar and pestle. This blend was then transferred to a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge containing 1.0g of octadecyl bonded silica (C18), as the clean-up co-sorbent. The target analytes were then eluted with 7mL of acetonitrile. The extract was derivatized on-line in the GC injection-port by reaction with a trimethylsilylating (TMS) reagent. The TMS-derivatives were then identified and quantitated by GC-MS/MS. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were less than 0.1ng/g.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jul 1;154:211-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.013. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
A simple and effective method for the rapid determination of five salicylate and benzophenone-type UV absorbing substances in marketed fish is described. The method involves the use of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) prior to their determination by on-line silylation gas chromatography tandem m
PMID 24518335

Analytical performance of two miniaturised extraction methods for triclosan and methyltriclosan, in fish roe and surimi samples.

Gonzalo-Lumbreras R1, Sanz-Landaluze J, Cámara C.Author information 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rakel.gonzalo@quim.ucm.es.AbstractA new and reliable miniaturised QuEChERS-based extraction method combined with a dispersive SPE cleanup procedure for extracting triclosan and methyltriclosan from fish roe and surimi samples was proposed. The effectiveness of different extraction/partition conditions for QuEChERS method was systematically investigated, and the use of acetonitrile extraction solvent and MgSO4, PSA, C18 and Florisil as cleanup reagents was recommended in the final method. Other method based on ultrasonic extraction with ethylacetate and clean-up with SPE was also evaluated for these samples. Different polymeric and silica sorbents for clean up were tested and the combination of Florisil and PSA was finally selected. The performance of these miniaturised sample preparation methods combined with GC-MS with quadrupole detection were compared. Extraction efficiency as well as cleaning effectiveness, laboriousness and speed were taken as criteria for method evaluation. Satisfactory validation parameters, such as linearity, recovery, precision and LODs and LOQs for both developed analytical methods were obtained from fish roe and surimi samples. Finally, both methods were applied to real samples. The sensitivity of the proposed methods was good enough to ensure reliable determination of target analytes at concentration levels commonly found in this kind of samples.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Mar 1;146:141-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.055. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
A new and reliable miniaturised QuEChERS-based extraction method combined with a dispersive SPE cleanup procedure for extracting triclosan and methyltriclosan from fish roe and surimi samples was proposed. The effectiveness of different extraction/partition conditions for QuEChERS method was systema
PMID 24176325

New perspectives on diastereoselective determination of hexabromocyclododecane traces in fish by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry.

Zacs D1, Rjabova J2, Bartkevics V3.Author information 1Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Department of Chemistry, Kr. Valdemara iela 48, Riga LV-1013, Latvia. Electronic address: dzintars.zachs@gmail.com.2Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia.3Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Department of Chemistry, Kr. Valdemara iela 48, Riga LV-1013, Latvia.AbstractA new analytical method is presented for diastereoisomer-specific identification and quantitation of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCD) in fish samples. The method is based on extraction of the target analytes from samples with a mixture of organic solvents, with further three-stage clean-up including destructive removal of matrix components with sulphuric acid and acid-impregnated silica gel, and Florisil adsorption column chromatography. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with high resolution (HR) Orbitrap mass spectrometry featuring heated electrospray ionization (HESI-II) interface operated in negative ion mode was employed for the identification/quantitation of contaminants. The developed methodology was robustly validated in terms of recovery, repeatability, intermediate precision, linear calibration ranges, limits of detection and quantitation, and used for analysis of twenty five Baltic wild salmon (Salmo salar) samples. Under the optimized conditions, recoveries for selected analytes were within the range of 91.4-103.6%, and the repeatability and intermediate precision in terms of relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the ranges 1.6-8.3% and 1.6-12.5%, respectively, for all three validation levels. The elaborated method achieved instrumental limits of quantification (i-LOQ) of 1.3-3.0pg on column for three HBCD diastereoisomers corresponding to the method LOQ of 0.005-0.012ngg(-1) wet weight (w.w.) The presence of HBCD diastereoisomers was confirmed in all the analyzed Baltic salmon samples in the concentration range of 0.39-3.82ngg(-1) w.w. with an average of 1.59ngg(-1) w.w. for total HBCD. The diastereomer pattern typical for aquatic biota was observed with strong predominance of α-HBCD. The newly developed methodology could be employed for a regular diastereomer-specific monitoring of HBCD content in fish samples, representing a good alternative to existing LC-MS/MS methods in terms of sensitivity and accuracy, and providing further possibilities for inclusion of other contaminants in the scope of analysis.
Journal of chromatography. A.J Chromatogr A.2014 Feb 21;1330:30-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.023. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
A new analytical method is presented for diastereoisomer-specific identification and quantitation of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCD) in fish samples. The method is based on extraction of the target analytes from samples with a mixture of organic solvents, with further three-stage clean-up including d
PMID 24484690

Japanese Journal

チーズとバター中のアフラトキシンM1のイムノアフィニティカラムとHPLCを用いた新規な測定方法

佐久間久子,鎌田洋一,小西良子,川上浩
食品衛生学雑誌 52(4), 220-225, 2011
… Compared with the widely used method employing chloroform and a Florisil column, the IAC method has a short analytical time and there are no interference peaks. … The limits of quantification (LOQ) of the IAC method were 0.12 and 0.14 μg/kg, while those of the Florisil column method were 0.47 and 0.23 μg/kg in cheese and buffer, respectively. …
NAID 130001077718

ガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析法による水性塗料及び水性接着剤中の有機スズ化合物の分析

河上強志,伊佐間和郎,中島晴信,大嶋智子,土屋利江,松岡厚子
薬学雑誌 130(2), 223-235, 2010
… These extracts were purified by a florisil cartridge column after ethyl-derivation with sodium tetraethylborate, and analyzed by GC-MS. The quantifications using deuterated compound of both organotins as surrogate standard were conducted, and good results were obtained. …
NAID 130000171292

Local angiotensin II-generation in human gastric cancer: Correlation with tumor progression through the activation of ERK1/2, NF-κB and survivin

Kinoshita Jun,Fushida Sachio,Harada Shinichi,Yagi Yasumichi,Fujita Hideto,Kinami Shinichi,Ninomiya Itasu,Fujimura Takashi,Kayahara Masato,Yashiro Masakazu,Hirakawa Kosei,Ohta Tetsuo
International Journal of Oncology 34(6), 1573-1582, 2009-06
… In addition, we measured angiotensin II concentration in tissues from twenty gastric cancer and corresponding normal region using the florisil method. …
NAID 120003141424