関: Eucommiaceae

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/03 07:48:43」(JST)

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Eucommia ulmoides is a species of small tree native to China. It belongs to the monotypic family, Eucommiaceae. It is near threatened in the wild, but is widely cultivated in China for its bark and is highly valued in herbology such as Traditional Chinese medicine.

Description

Eucommia ulmoides grows to about 15 m tall. The leaves are deciduous, arranged alternately, simple ovate with an acuminate tip, 8–16 cm long, and with a serrated margin. If a leaf is torn across, strands of latex exuded from the leaf veins solidify into rubber and hold the two parts of the leaf together. It flowers from March to May. The flowers are inconspicuous, small and greenish; the fruit, June to November, is a winged samara with one seed, very similar to an elm samara in appearance, 2–3 cm long and 1–2 cm broad.

Taxonomy

Eucommia ulmoides is the sole living species of the genus Eucommia. Eucommia is the only genus of the family Eucommiaceae, and was formerly considered to be a separate order, the Eucommiales. It is also sometimes known as "Gutta-percha tree" or "Chinese rubber tree", but is not related to either the true Gutta-percha tree of southeastern Asia, nor to the South American rubber tree.

Distribution

Eucommia ulmoides is also occasionally planted in botanical gardens and other gardens in Europe, North America and elsewhere, being of interest as the only cold-tolerant (to at least -30 °C) rubber-producing tree. Fossils of other Eucommia species have been found in 10- to 35-million-year-old brown coal deposits in central Europe and widely in North America (Call & Dilcher 1997), indicating that the genus had a much wider range in the past.

Uses

It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in Chinese herbology, where it is called dùzhòng (Chinese: 杜仲). Because of the low production and high demand for natural rubber in China, a unique process has been developed to manufacture elastic materials with Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) as substitutes for natural rubber products. Unlike the latex used to produce natural rubber, the EUG is the polymer trans-1,4-polyisoprene. Thus materials made from EUG may demonstrate characteristics other than those of natural rubber, such as higher elastics, lower thermoplastic temperature, etc.

Chemistry

The iridoid glucoside geniposidic acid can be found in E. ulmoides.

References

^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
^ "IPNI Plant name details Eucommia". Retrieved 9 September 2013.
^ "IPNI Plant name details Eucommia ulmoides". Retrieved 9 September 2013.

World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). Eucommia ulmoides. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 11 May 2006.
Call, V.B. and Dilcher, D.L. 1997. The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America. American Journal of Botany 84(6): 798-814. Available online (pdf file)
HUEC Nutrition & Obesity (including Eucommia bark results) online (ppt)

External links

Data related to Eucommia ulmoides at Wikispecies

English Journal

Improved on-line high performance liquid chromatography method for detection of antioxidants in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver flower.

Zhang Q1, Zhu M2, Zhang J2, Su Y2.Author information 1College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: zhangjack2003@aliyun.com.2College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.AbstractEucommia ulmoides Oliver is a traditional Chinese medicine and material for functional food with a strong antioxidant activity. To investigate antioxidants in E. ulmoides Oliver flower, an improved on-line high performance liquid chromatography method with the radical cation 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) as a stable model free radical for the detection of radical scavenging ability was developed. The radical concentration, flow rate, and length of reaction coil were optimized with rutin as a model antioxidant. Under the optimized instrumental set-up, a radical solution of 0.32 mM ABTS+ is delivered by a pump equipped with a superloop at 0.5 mL/min through a reaction coil of 10 m × 0.25 mm. This method showed a high sensitivity since the system noise was reduced by the superloop. The minimum detecting concentration of the method was in the range of 0.03-0.10 μM for the negative peaks of rutin, quercetin, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol. Importantly, the method could be not only used for detection of antioxidants in plant extracts but also combined with mass spectrometry to obtain the structural messages of peaks in high performance liquid chromatography profiles. After analysis by the method, nineteen antioxidants were found in E. ulmoides Oliver flower extract, and the main active compound was identified as chlorogenic acid.
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.J Biosci Bioeng.2014 Jan 24. pii: S1389-1723(13)00467-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.12.009. [Epub ahead of print]
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a traditional Chinese medicine and material for functional food with a strong antioxidant activity. To investigate antioxidants in E. ulmoides Oliver flower, an improved on-line high performance liquid chromatography method with the radical cation 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylb
PMID 24468073

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark. attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death through inhibition of oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells.

Kwon SH1, Ma SX1, Hong SI1, Yeou Kim S2, Lee SY1, Jang CG3.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.2College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.3Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jang@skku.edu.AbstractETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark. (EUE) has commonly been used to fortify the muscles and lungs, lower blood pressure, prevent miscarriage, improve liver and kidney tone, and promote longevity as a traditional tonic medicine in Korea, China, and Japan.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2014 Jan 15. pii: S0378-8741(13)00930-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.048. [Epub ahead of print]
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark. (EUE) has commonly been used to fortify the muscles and lungs, lower blood pressure, prevent miscarriage, improve liver and kidney tone, and promote longevity as a traditional tonic medicine in Korea, China, and Japan.AIM OF THE STUDY: In
PMID 24440915

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine.

He X1, Wang J2, Li M3, Hao D1, Yang Y4, Zhang C1, He R1, Tao R5.Author information 1Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China.2University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.3University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China. Electronic address: lm730530xing@aliyun.com.4Xi'an Hospital, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Xi'an 710077, PR China.5Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.AbstractETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Family Eucommiaceae), also known as Dù-zhòng (Chinese: ), Tuchong (in Japanese), is the sole species of the genus Eucommia. The leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of Eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many diseases in China, Japan, Korea, among others. The aim of this review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of Eucommia ulmoides and to discuss possible trends for further study of Eucommia ulmoides.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2014 Jan 10;151(1):78-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.023. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Family Eucommiaceae), also known as Dù-zhòng (Chinese: ), Tuchong (in Japanese), is the sole species of the genus Eucommia. The leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of Eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many d
PMID 24296089

Japanese Journal

乾燥杜仲投与による鶏免疫活性向上効果の検討

桑守正範,内田光教,目瀬守男
日本家禽学会誌 47(1), 22, 2010-04-25
NAID 10026882994

High-Throughput and Highly Sensitive Analysis Method for Polyisoprene in Plants by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

TAKENO Shinya,BAMBA Takeshi,NAKAZAWA Yoshihisa,FUKUSAKI Eiichiro,OKAZAWA Atsushi,KOBAYASHI Akio
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(1), 13-17, 2010-01-23
… Based on these results, we developed a relative quantification method for polyisoprene in leaves by direct analysis of 1 mg of leaves using PyGC/MS. This novel quantification method eliminated extraction steps and can be used in the measurement of polyisoprene contents in Eucommia ulmoides and Hevea brasiliensis. …
NAID 10027549817

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「杜仲」「Eucommiaceae」「トチュウ」

「杜仲」

Eucommia ulmoides
	Eucommia ulmoides foliage and flowers.
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Garryales
Family:	Eucommiaceae; Engler
Genus:	Eucommia; Oliv.
Species:	E. ulmoides
Binomial name
	Eucommia ulmoides; Oliv.

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ラ: Eucommia ulmoides
関: トチュウ科、トチュウ

「Eucommiaceae」

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トチュウ科

関: Eucommia ulmoides

「トチュウ」

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ラ: Eucommia ulmoides
関: 杜仲

[APGIII2009-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.

[IPNI-2] "IPNI Plant name details Eucommia". Retrieved 9 September 2013.

[IPNISpecies-3] "IPNI Plant name details Eucommia ulmoides". Retrieved 9 September 2013.

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案内

Eucommia ulmoides