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| Epidermophyton floccosum |
|
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Fungi |
| Division: |
Ascomycota |
| Class: |
Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: |
Onygenales |
| Family: |
Arthrodermataceae |
| Genus: |
Epidermophyton |
| Species: |
E. floccosum |
| Binomial name |
Epidermophyton floccosum
(Harz) Langeron & Miloch. |
| Synonyms |
|
Acrothecium floccosum Harz
Blastotrichum floccosum (Harz) Berl. & Voglino
Dactylium floccosum (Harz) Sartory
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Epidermophyton floccosum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte (preferring humans to other hosts) which can be found world-wide.[1]
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Contents
- 1 Taxonomy
- 2 Description
- 3 Pathology
- 4 References
|
Taxonomy[edit]
The fungus was originally described by Carl Otto Harz in 1870, who named it Acrothecium floccosum.[2] It was later renamed Blastotrichum floccosum, a name given to it in Rabenhort's Krytpogamen Flora, (1907), and finally as Epidermophyton floccosum by Ota and Langeron in 1923.[3]
Description[edit]
The fungus is a moderate grower that reaches maturity after 10 days. The colonies are usually grainy, have a suede-like texture, and may be olive, yellow, or yellow-brown in color. The central region is raised slightly. Fluffy white sterile mycelia cover the colonies after several weeks.[4] Epidermophyton floccosum contains an unusual lipid of unknown function, 1(3),2-diacylglyceryl-3(1)-O-4′-(N,N,N-trimethyl)homoserine. Two other dermatophytes Microsporum cookei and Trichophyton rubrum do not contain this lipid.[5] Microconidia are usually absent.[6]
Pathology[edit]
The fungus is the only pathogen of the two species comprising genus Epidermophyton. Hosts of the fungi are humans, wild animals, and domestic animals.[7] The fungi can cause tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and onychomycosis. The infection spreads by contact, especially in gyms and showers.[8] The infection can be stopped by bathing with soap and water and applying an appropriate fungicide.[7] A study of 900 patients afflicted with E. floccosum infection investigating the contagious aspects of the fungus was conducted in Korea, from 1976 to 1997. The study found that fewer people were infected by E. floccosum than by other dermatophytes.[9] The fungus may be transmitted between humans and squirrels.[10] The fungi can usually only infect the nonliving cornified layers of epidermis.[6] An invasive infection has, however, been recorded in an immunocompromised patient with Behçet's syndrome.[8][11]
References[edit]
- ^ "Epidermophyton floccosum". Mycology Online. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ Harz OC. (1870). "Einige neue Hyphomyceten Berlin's and Wien's nebst Beiträgen zur Systematik derselben". Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou (in German) 44: 87–147.
- ^ Ota M, Langeron M. (1923). "Nouvelle classification des Dermatophytes". Annals of Parasitology (in French) 1: 305–306.
- ^ "http://www.cmpt.ca/pdf_mycology_2008/mp_0801_2_epfl_nail.pdf". CMPT Mycology Plus. January 2008.
- ^ Tomiyasu Yamada and Yoshinori Nozawa, T (1979-09-28). "An unusual lipid in the human pathogenic fungus Epidermophyton floccosum". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 574 (3): 433–439. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(79)90239-X. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ a b "Epidermophyton". QurNail. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ a b "Infectious Diseases: Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp.". MSD Online. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ a b "Epidermophyton spp.". Doctor Fungus. Retrieved 2010-05-22. [dead link]
- ^ "The Epidemiologic Study on Epidermophyton floccosum (1976–1997)". Korean Journal of Medical Mycology 1 (21–26). 1999-06-04. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ Hosseininejad, M.; Ebrahimi, A.; Hosseini, F. (2009). "Isolation of Epidermophyton floccosum from a Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus)". Comparative Clinical Pathology 19 (2): 215–216. doi:10.1007/s00580-009-0829-4. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ Seddon, ME; Thomas, MG (1997). "Invasive disease due to Epidermophyton floccosum in an immunocompromised patient with Behçet's syndrome.". Clinical Infectious Diseases 25 (1): 153–4. doi:10.1086/516887. PMID 9243051.
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Infectious diseases · Mycoses and Mesomycetozoea (B35–B49, 110–118)
|
|
Superficial and
cutaneous
(dermatomycosis):
Tinea=skin;
Piedra (exothrix/
endothrix)=hair |
|
Ascomycota
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|
Dermatophyte
(Dermatophytosis)
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By location
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Tinea barbae/Tinea capitis (Kerion) · Tinea corporis (Ringworm, Dermatophytid) · Tinea cruris · Tinea manuum · Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot) · Tinea unguium/Onychomycosis (White superficial onychomycosis · Distal subungual onychomycosis · Proximal subungual onychomycosis)
Tinea corporis gladiatorum · Tinea faciei · Tinea imbricata · Tinea incognito · Favus
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|
|
By organism
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Epidermophyton floccosum · Microsporum canis · Microsporum audouinii · Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes · Trichophyton tonsurans · Trichophyton schoenleini · Trichophyton rubrum
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Other
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Hortaea werneckii (Tinea nigra) · Piedraia hortae (Black piedra)
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|
|
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Basidiomycota
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Malassezia furfur (Tinea versicolor, Pityrosporum folliculitis) · Trichosporon spp (White piedra)
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|
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Subcutaneous,
systemic,
and opportunistic |
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Ascomycota
|
|
Dimorphic
(yeast+mold)
|
|
Onygenales
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Coccidioides immitis/Coccidioides posadasii (Coccidioidomycosis, Disseminated coccidioidomycosis, Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis) · Histoplasma capsulatum (Histoplasmosis, Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis, Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis) · Histoplasma duboisii (African histoplasmosis) · Lacazia loboi (Lobomycosis) · Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Paracoccidioidomycosis)
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|
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Other
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Blastomyces dermatitidis (Blastomycosis, North American blastomycosis, South American blastomycosis) · Sporothrix schenckii (Sporotrichosis) · Penicillium marneffei (Penicilliosis)
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|
|
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Yeast-like
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Candida albicans (Candidiasis, Oral, Esophageal, Vulvovaginal, Chronic mucocutaneous, Antibiotic candidiasis, Candidal intertrigo, Candidal onychomycosis, Candidal paronychia, Candidid, Diaper candidiasis, Congenital cutaneous candidiasis, Perianal candidiasis, Systemic candidiasis, Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica) · C. glabrata · C. tropicalis · C. lusitaniae · Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia)
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|
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Mold-like
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Aspergillus (Aspergillosis, Aspergilloma, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Primary cutaneous aspergillosis) · Exophiala jeanselmei (Eumycetoma) · Fonsecaea pedrosoi/Fonsecaea compacta/Phialophora verrucosa (Chromoblastomycosis) · Geotrichum candidum (Geotrichosis) · Pseudallescheria boydii (Allescheriasis)
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|
|
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Basidiomycota
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Cryptococcus neoformans (Cryptococcosis), Trichosporon spp (Trichosporonosis)
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|
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Zygomycota
(Zygomycosis)
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Mucorales
(Mucormycosis)
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Rhizopus oryzae · Mucor indicus · Absidia corymbifera · Syncephalastrum racemosum
|
|
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Entomophthorales
(Entomophthoramycosis)
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Basidiobolus ranarum (Basidiobolomycosis) · Conidiobolus coronatus/Conidiobolus incongruus (Conidiobolomycosis)
|
|
|
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Microsporidia
(Microsporidiosis)
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Enterocytozoon bieneusi/Encephalitozoon intestinalis
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|
|
| Mesomycetozoea |
Rhinosporidium seeberi (Rhinosporidiosis)
|
|
| Ungrouped |
Alternariosis · Fungal folliculitis · Fusarium (Fusariosis) · Granuloma gluteale infantum · Hyalohyphomycosis · Otomycosis · Phaeohyphomycosis
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|
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Dermatophytes isolated from the mosques in tokat, Turkey.
- Yenişehirli G, Karat E, Bulut Y, Savcı U.SourceMicrobiology and Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60100, Tokat, Turkey, gulgun.yenisehirli@gop.edu.tr.
- Mycopathologia.Mycopathologia.2012 Oct;174(4):327-30. Epub 2012 May 11.
- Dermatophytes are a group of fungi that invade keratinized tissues such as the skin, hair and nails. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of the potential causative agents of dermatophytosis in the mosque area in Tokat, Turkey. Thirty mosques were included in the study. A total of
- PMID 22576940
Japanese Journal
- 症例報告 Epidermophyton floccosumによる股部白癬の1例
Related Links
- Epidermophyton floccosum On Sabouraud's dextrose agar colonies are usually slow growing, greenish-brown or khaki coloured with a suede-like surface, raised and folded in the centre, with a flat periphery and submerged fringe of ...
- Epidermophyton floccosum is one of the causative agents of cutaneous infections, dermatophytosis, in healthy individuals which particularly infects the skin. Epidermophyton is a cosmopolitan dermatophyte, filamentous fungus.
Related Pictures
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- 皮膚糸状菌 dermatophyte
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