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Endolimax is a genus of amoebozoa^[1] that are found in the intestines of various animals, including the species E. nana found in humans. Originally thought to be non-pathogenic, studies suggest it can cause intermittent or chronic diarrhea.^[2]^[3] Additionally, it is very significant in medicine because it can provide false positives for other tests, notably the similar species Entamoeba histolytica, the pathogen responsible for amoebic dysentery, and because its presence indicates the host has consumed fecal material. It forms cysts with four nuclei which excyst in the body and become trophozoites. Endolimax nana nuclei have a large endosome somewhat off-center and small amounts of visible chromatin or none at all.

Cyst

Cysts are small, with a spherical to ellipsoidal shape. Mature cysts contain four nuclei; immature cysts are rarely seen. These cysts measure 5-10 um, with a usual range of 6-8 um. In stained preparations, the nucleus has a distinct karysome that, while not as large as that seen in the trophozoite, is still larger than the karysome of the Entamoeba species. Peripheral chromatin is absent. Although the nuclei are not visible in unstained preparations, the karysomes are readily apparent in iodine-stained wet mounts. The cytoplasm may contain diffuse glycogen, and chromatid bodies are absent. Occasionally, small granules or inclusions may occur in the cytoplasm.

Trophozoite

This stage is small, measuring 6-12 µm, with an average range of 8-10 um. Living trophozoites are sluggish and generally non-progressive. The single nucleus sometimes is visible in unstained preparations. In stained organisms, the karyosome usually is large and irregularly shaped, but occasionally it may be fragmented or placed against one side of the nuclear membrane. There is no peripheral chromatin on the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm, which is coarsely granular and often highly vacuolated, may contain bacteria. ^[4]

References

^ Silberman JD, Clark CG, Diamond LS, Sogin ML (December 1999). "Phylogeny of the genera Entamoeba and Endolimax as deduced from small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences". Mol. Biol. Evol. 16 (12): 1740–51. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026086. PMID 10605115.
^ John Q. Stauffer MD & W. L. Levine (January 1974). "Chronic diarrhea related to Endolimax Nana". Parasitology Research 19 (1): 59–63. PMID 4809031.
^ Thaddeus K. Graczyk, Clive K. Shiff, Leena Tamang, Fair Munsaka, Anna M. Beitin and William J. Moss (December 2005). "The association of Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana with diarrheal stools in Zambian school-age children". Digestive Diseases and Sciences 98 (1): 38–43. doi:10.1007/s00436-005-0003-0. PMID 16249910.
^ Ash, Lawrence R. Atlas of Human Parasitology/Lawrence R. Ash, Thomas C. Orihel.-3rd ed. ISBN 0-89189-292-3

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1. 非病原性腸内原虫 nonpathogenic enteric protozoa
2. 消化管疾患関連関節炎 arthritis associated with gastrointestinal disease

English Journal

Intestinal parasitic infections in suburban government schools, Lak Hok subdistrict, Muang Pathum Thani, Thailand.

Kitvatanachai S, Rhongbutsri P.SourceFaculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand. sirima@rsu.ac.th
Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine.Asian Pac J Trop Med.2013 Sep;6(9):699-702. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60121-2.
OBJECTIVE: To provide baseline information of parasitic infections in 3 suburban government schools, Lakhok subdistrict of Muang Pathum Thani, Thailand.METHODS: This study was conducted between May-June 2010 using simple direct smear and modified formalin ether and from a population of 1 253 in 3 su
PMID 23827146

Microbiological and parasitological investigation among food handlers in hotels in the Dead Sea area, Jordan.

Abdel-Dayem M, Al Zou'bi R, Hani RB, Amr ZS.SourcePrince Iman Center for Research and Laboratory Sciences, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan.
Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi.J Microbiol Immunol Infect.2013 Aug 8. pii: S1684-1182(13)00105-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.06.001. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections constitute a major health issue in developing countries. The present study investigates and assesses infection rates among food handlers with intestinal parasites and microbial agents in luxurious hotels in the Dead Sea area of Jordan
PMID 23933293

Evolution of Archamoebae: morphological and molecular evidence for pelobionts including Rhizomastix, Entamoeba, Iodamoeba, and Endolimax.

Ptáčková E, Kostygov AY, Chistyakova LV, Falteisek L, Frolov AO, Patterson DJ, Walker G, Cepicka I.SourceDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
Protist.Protist.2013 May;164(3):380-410. doi: 10.1016/j.protis.2012.11.005. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
The archamoebae form a small clade of anaerobic/microaerophilic flagellates or amoebae, comprising the pelobionts (mastigamoebids and pelomyxids) and the entamoebae. It is a member of the eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa. We examined 22 strains of 13 species of Mastigamoeba, Pelomyxa and Rhizomastix
PMID 23312407

Japanese Journal

胆汁うつ滞像を認めたE型肝炎に不顕性小型アメーバ感染を合併した1例

藤吉誠,荘司貞志,近藤朝明,滝川一,三宅和彦,山中正己
日本消化器病学会雑誌 89(12), 2804-2807, 1992
NAID 130001069241

THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PROTOZOA IN NAIVASHA, KITUI, MACHAKOS, TAVETA AND NANDI HILLS AREAS IN KENYA*

Iseki Motohiro,Hayashi Kaoru,Gatika Simon M.,Siongok T.K. Arap,井関基弘,林薫,GATIKA SIMON M.,SIONGOK T. K. ARAP
日本熱帯医学会雑誌 11(3, 4), 249-256, 1983-12-15
… Out of 2,114 specimens 673 (31.8%) were positive for Entamoeba histolytica, 1,105 (52.3%) for Entamoeba coli, 102 (4.8%) for Endolimax nana, 184 (8.7%) for Iodamoeba butschlii, 176 (8.3%) for Giardia lamblia, and 220 (10.4%) for Chilomastix mesnili. …
NAID 120001664877