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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/10 14:09:48」(JST)

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Eimeria tenella is a species of Eimeria that causes hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry.

Description[edit]

This species has a monoxeous life cycle with the definitive (only) host as chickens; it is extremely host-specific. Acquired via fecal contamination of food and water (oral-fecal route), it undergoes endogenous merogony in the crypts of Lieberkuhr (intestinal ceca of chicken) and gametogony in epithelial cells of the small intestines. Fusion of microgamete and macrogamete forms results in unsporulated zygotes, which are released with feces of chicken. The zygote sporulates after one to five days, and becomes infective.

Diagnosis is based on finding oocysts in feces. While no effective treatment exists, the rate of infection can be reduced via prophylates, anticoccidial drugs and vaccination of baby chicks.

Life Cycle[edit]

Eimeria tenella is monogenetic. Various stages of complicated life cycle may conveniently be described under two phases, asexual cycle or schizogony and sexual cycle involving gametogony. Much of life cycle is intracellular.

Schizogony[edit]

There are two generations of schizonts and merozoites which are morphologycally distinguishable.

First generation schizogony[edit]

The beginning of complex life cycle of Eimeria tenella may be taken to be initiated by infection of epithelial cells of host caecum by sporozoites.

Infection by sporozoites[edit]

The infected fowl passes out oocysts or zygocysts with faecal matter. When their oocysts are swallowed by a new or healthy bird, its digestive juices dissolve the cystwall and release sporozoites which enter the host epithelial cells. Within the epithelial cells, the sporozoites grow in size and multiply by schizogony.

Sporozoite[edit]

It is the earliest intracellular stage of parasite. It is elongated, slightly curved, microscopic unicellular organism with one end pointed and the other end blunt. The pellicle, forming external envelope, contains longitudinally arranged contractile microtubules which help in wriggling movements of organism. Cytoplasm includes a vesicular nucleus, a mitochondrion, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes and vacuoles containing reserve food, etc. Penetration of sporozoite into host epithelial cell is facilitated by the lytic secretion stored in roptries of parasite.

Bibliography[edit]

(English) R.L. KOTPAL (2006)
(English) RL Stotish & al. (1976), http://www.jbc.org/content/251/2/302.full.pdf Studies of a glycoprotein in the oocysts of Eimeria tenella]. ; Journal of Biological chemistry, vol 251, n°2, 25 janv 1976, pp 302 à 507

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English Journal

Comparison of the anticoccidial effect of granulated extract of Artemisia sieberi with monensin in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

Pirali Kheirabadi K1, Kaboutari Katadj J2, Bahadoran S3, Teixeira da Silva JA4, Dehghani Samani A3, Cheraghchi Bashi M5.
Experimental parasitology.Exp Parasitol.2014 Jun;141:129-33. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.022. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
Coccidiosis is the most important parasitic disease of the poultry production industry. Due to increasing resistance to conventional anticoccidial agents, it is necessary to find new anticoccidial compounds. Herbal compounds such as those from Artemisia species are promising weapons in this regard s
PMID 24703975

Detection of four important Eimeria species by multiplex PCR in a single assay.

You MJ.
Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2014 Jun;63(3):527-32. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
The oocysts of some of the recognized species of chicken coccidiosis are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Diagnostic laboratories are increasingly utilizing DNA-based technologies for the specific identification of Eimeria species. This study reports a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (P
PMID 24495953

A Toxin Isolated from Sarcocystis fayeri in Raw Horsemeat May Be Responsible for Food Poisoning.

Kamata Y1, Saito M2, Irikura D3, Yahata Y4, Ohnishi T3, Bessho T5, Inui T5, Watanabe M3, Sugita-Konishi Y3.
Journal of food protection.J Food Prot.2014 May;77(5):814-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-351.
Food poisoning has been reported after the consumption of raw horsemeat in Japan. Diarrhea with a short incubation period is a common symptom in such cases of food poisoning. Cysts found in horsemeat ingested by patients have been identified as Sarcocystis fayeri based on morphological and genetic e
PMID 24780337

Japanese Journal

Localization of Eimeripain, an Eimeria tenella Cathepsin B-Like Cysteine Protease, during Asexual and Sexual Intracellular Development in Chicken Ceca

MATSUBAYASHI Makoto,HATTA Takeshi,MIYOSHI Takeharu [他]
The journal of veterinary medical science 76(4), 531-537, 2014-04
NAID 40020087985

Localization of Eimeripain, an Eimeria tenella Cathepsin B-Like Cysteine Protease, during Asexual and Sexual Intracellular Development in Chicken Ceca

MATSUBAYASHI Makoto,HATTA Takeshi,MIYOSHI Takeharu,,SASAI Kazumi,YAMAJI Kayoko,SHIMURA Kameo,ISOBE Takashi,KITA Kiyoshi,TSUJI Naotoshi
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2013
… Hemorrhagic diarrhea in poultry is caused by Eimeria tenella, the most pathogenic avian coccidian parasite, and new approaches to treat the disease are continually being sought. … tenella, has recently been identified as a novel anticoccidial drug target, its localization during the intracellular development of parasites remains unclear. … tenella in vivo. …
NAID 130003382415

Studies on construction of a recombinant Eimeria tenella SO7 gene expressing Escherichia coli and its protective efficacy against homologous infection

YANG Guilian,WANG Chunfeng,HAO Fengqi,ZHAO Dan,ZHANG Yunlong,LI Yu
Parasitology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Parasitology 59(4), 517-523, 2010-12-01
NAID 10029826071

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「Eimeria」

Eimeria tenella
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Protista
Phylum:	Apicomplexa
Class:	Conoidasida
Order:	Eucoccidiorida
Family:	Eimeriidae
Genus:	Eimeria
Species:	E. tenella
Binomial name
	Eimeria tenella;

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Eimeria tenella