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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/01 02:25:34」(JST)

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The house dust mite (HDM) is a cosmopolitan pyroglyphid that lives in human habitation. Dust mites feed on organic detritus, such as flakes of shed human skin, and flourish in the stable environment of dwellings. House dust mites are a common cause of asthma and allergic symptoms worldwide. The mite's gut contains potent digestive enzymes (notably proteases) that persist in their feces and are major inducers of allergic reactions such as wheezing. The mite's exoskeleton can also contribute to allergic reactions. The European house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and the American house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) are two different species, but are not necessarily confined to Europe or North America; a third species Euroglyphus maynei also occurs widely. Unlike scabies mites or skin follicle mites, house dust mites do not burrow under the skin and are not parasitic.^[1]

Description

House dust mites, due to their very small size and translucent bodies, are barely visible to the unaided eye.^[2] A typical house dust mite measures 0.2–0.3 millimetres (0.008–0.012 in) in length.^[3] For accurate identification, one needs at least 10× magnification. The body of the house dust mite has a striated cuticle.

Life cycle

The average life cycle for a male house dust mite is 10 to 19 days. A mated female house dust mite can last up to 70 days, laying 60 to 100 eggs in the last 5 weeks of her life. In a 10-week life span, a house dust mite will produce approximately 2,000 fecal particles and an even larger number of partially digested enzyme-covered dust particles.^[4]

Habitat and food

The house dust mite survives in all climates, even at high altitude. House dust mites thrive in the indoor environment provided by homes, specifically in bedrooms and kitchens. Dust mites survive well in mattresses, carpets, furniture and bedding, with figures around 100–500 animals/g dust.^[5] Even in dry climates, house dust mites survive and reproduce easily in carpets and bedding (especially in pillows), which takes up moisture from body contact.^[6]

House dust mites consume minute particles of organic matter. Like all acari, house dust mites have a simple gut; they have no stomach but rather diverticulae, which are sacs or pouches that divert out of hollow organs. Like many decomposer animals, they select food that has been already partially broken down by fungi.

Asthma and allergies

A scanning electron micrograph of a female dust mite

House dust mites are associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma.^[7] Efforts to remove these mites from the environment have, however, not been found to be effective.^[7] Dust covers have also not been found to be effective.^[8] Immunotherapy may be useful in those affected.^[7] Subcutaneous injections have better evidence than under the tongue dosing.^[9]

References

^ Barb Ogg. "Managing House Dust Mites". University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
^ "Why Study the Mite". Retrieved September 29, 2013.
^ "The House Dust Mite". Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Allergia agli acari" (in Italian).
^ "House Dust Allergy". American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
^ G. Daniel Brooks & Robert K. Bush (2009). "Allergens and other factors important in atopic disease". In Leslie Carroll Grammer & Paul A. Greenberger. Patterson's Allergic Diseases (7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 73–103. ISBN 978-0-7817-9425-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c Biagtan, M; Viswanathan, R; Bush, RK (December 2014). "Immunotherapy for house dust mite sensitivity: where are the knowledge gaps?". Current allergy and asthma reports 14 (12): 482. PMID 25354663.
^ Whitton, JL; Gebhard, JR; Lewicki, H; Tishon, A; Oldstone, MB (March 1988). "Molecular definition of a major cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope in the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.". Journal of virology 62 (3): 687–95. PMID 2448497.
^ Eifan, AO; Calderon, MA; Durham, SR (November 2013). "Allergen immunotherapy for house dust mite: clinical efficacy and immunological mechanisms in allergic rhinitis and asthma.". Expert opinion on biological therapy 13 (11): 1543–56. PMID 24099116.

External links

House dust mites on the University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website

UpToDate Contents

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1. 喘息およびアレルギー性鼻炎の治療におけるアレルゲン回避策 allergen avoidance in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
2. 環境中のアレルゲンサンプリング allergen sampling in the environment
3. SCIT：治療用アレルゲンエキスの調製 scit preparation of allergen extracts for therapeutic use
4. アトピー性皮膚炎（湿疹）の治療 treatment of atopic dermatitis eczema
5. Role of allergy in atopic dermatitis (eczema)

English Journal

Effect of Amino Acid Polymorphisms of House Dust Mite Der p 2 Variants on Allergic Sensitization.

Tanyaratsrisakul S1, Jirapongsananuruk O2, Kulwanich B1, Hales BJ3, Thomas WR3, Piboonpocanun S4.
Allergy, asthma & immunology research.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.2016 Jan;8(1):55-62. doi: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.1.55. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
PURPOSE: The sequence variations of the Der p 2 allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus diverge along 2 pathways with particular amino acid substitutions at positions 40,47,111, and 114. The environmental prevalence and IgE binding to Der p 2 variants differ among regions. To compare IgE binding
PMID 26540502

Sick building syndrome (SBS) among office workers in a Malaysian university - Associations with atopy, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and the office environment.

Lim FL1, Hashim Z2, Md Said S3, Than LT4, Hashim JH5, Norbäck D6.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Dec 1;536:353-61. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.137. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
There are few studies on sick building syndrome (SBS) including clinical measurements for atopy and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Our aim was to study associations between SBS symptoms, selected personal factors, office characteristics and indoor office exposures among office workers from
PMID 26225741

Comparison of Living and Bedrooms in Terms of House Dust Mites in the Province of Erzincan, Turkey.

Zeytun E1, Doğan S2, Özçiçek F3, Ünver E4, Dilkaraoğlu S2.
Journal of medical entomology.J Med Entomol.2015 Nov 18. pii: tjv186. [Epub ahead of print]
The most important factors in development of symptoms such as allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis in atopic persons are the allergens of house dust mites. The objective of this study was to compare living rooms and bedrooms, and woolen and spring mattresses in terms of the numb
PMID 26586534

Japanese Journal

IgE Abs to Der p 1 and Der p 2 as diagnostic markers of house dust mite allergy as defined by a bronchoprovocation test

Allergology International 64(1), 90-95, 2015
NAID 130004873139

Oral Mite Anaphylaxis Caused by Mite-Contaminated Okonomiyaki/ Pancake-Mix in Japan: 8 Case Reports and a Review of 28 Reported Cases

Allergology International 63(1), 51-56, 2014
NAID 130004873102

アラスタット3g Allergy とイムノキャップ【○!R】によるアレルゲン特異的IgE抗体測定値の比較 : 反復喘鳴を呈した乳幼児における検討

日本小児アレルギー学会誌 = The Japanese journal of pediatric allergy and clinical immunology 27(2), 170-178, 2013-06-20
NAID 10031189845

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ヤケヒョウヒダニ」

「ヤケヒョウヒダニ」

House dust mite
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Subclass:	Acarina
Order:	Acariformes
Family:	Pyroglyphidae
Genus:	Dermatophagoides
Species:	D. pteronyssinus
Binomial name
	Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; (Trouessart, 1897)

　　[★]

ラ: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. pteronyssinus, pteronyssinus
関: ダニアレルギー

[unl-1] Barb Ogg. "Managing House Dust Mites". University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 29 March 2015.

[2] "Why Study the Mite". Retrieved September 29, 2013.

[3] "The House Dust Mite". Retrieved March 29, 2015.

[4] "Allergia agli acari" (in Italian).

[5] "House Dust Allergy". American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Retrieved September 12, 2012.

[6] G. Daniel Brooks & Robert K. Bush (2009). "Allergens and other factors important in atopic disease". In Leslie Carroll Grammer & Paul A. Greenberger. Patterson's Allergic Diseases (7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 73–103. ISBN 978-0-7817-9425-1.

[Bia2014-7] Biagtan, M; Viswanathan, R; Bush, RK (December 2014). "Immunotherapy for house dust mite sensitivity: where are the knowledge gaps?". Current allergy and asthma reports 14 (12): 482. PMID 25354663.

[8] Whitton, JL; Gebhard, JR; Lewicki, H; Tishon, A; Oldstone, MB (March 1988). "Molecular definition of a major cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope in the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.". Journal of virology 62 (3): 687–95. PMID 2448497.

[9] Eifan, AO; Calderon, MA; Durham, SR (November 2013). "Allergen immunotherapy for house dust mite: clinical efficacy and immunological mechanisms in allergic rhinitis and asthma.". Expert opinion on biological therapy 13 (11): 1543–56. PMID 24099116.

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案内

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus