未熟児の動脈管開存 delayed closure of ductus arteriosus

English Journal

Application of Biuret, Dicyandiamide, or Urea as a Cathode Buffer Layer toward the Efficiency Enhancement of Polymer Solar Cells.

Zhao X1, Xu C, Wang H, Chen F, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Chen L, Yang S.Author information 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China.AbstractThree amino-containing small-molecule organic materials-biuret, dicyandiamide (DCDA), and urea-were successfully applied as novel cathode buffer layers (CBLs) in P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ-PSCs) for the first time, resulting in obvious efficiency enhancement. Under the optimized condition, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the CBL-incorporated BHJ-PSC devices are 3.84%, 4.25%, and 4.39% for biuret, DCDA, and urea, which are enhanced by ∼15%, ∼27%, and ∼31%, respectively, compared to the reference poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) : [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) BHJ-PSC device without any CBL. The efficiency enhancement is primarily attributed to the increases of both short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), for which the enhancement ratio is found to be sensitively dependent on the molecular structure of small-molecule organic materials. The surface morphologies and surface potential changes of the CBL-incorporated P3HT:PCBM photoactive layers were studied by atomic force microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, respectively, suggesting the formation of an interfacial dipole layer between the photoactive layer and Al cathode, which may decrease the energy level offset between the work function of Al and the lowest unoccipoed molecular orbital level (LUMO) of the PCBM acceptor and consequently facilitate electron extraction by the Al cathode. The difference in the enhancement effect of biuret, DCDA, and urea is due to their difference on the work function matching with P3HT:PCBM. Besides, the coordination interaction between the lone-pair electrons on the N atoms of the amino (-NH2) group and the Al atoms may prohibit interaction between Al and the thiophene rings of P3HT, contributing to the efficiency enhancement of the CBL-incorporated devices as well. In this sense, the different CBL performance of biuret, DCDA, and urea is also proposed to partially originate from the differences on their chemical structure, specifically the number of amino groups.
ACS applied materials & interfaces.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces.2014 Mar 26;6(6):4329-37. doi: 10.1021/am500013s. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
Three amino-containing small-molecule organic materials-biuret, dicyandiamide (DCDA), and urea-were successfully applied as novel cathode buffer layers (CBLs) in P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ-PSCs) for the first time, resulting in obvious efficiency enhancement. Under the op
PMID 24575873

First-trimester fetal growth discordance and development of preeclampsia in dichorionic twin pregnancies.

Maric T, Singh N, Duncan K, Thorpe-Beeston GJ, Savvidou MD.AbstractAbstract Objective: To investigate the relation between first-trimester fetal growth discrepancy, as assessed by crown-rump length (CRL) at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks of gestation, and subsequent development of preeclampsia (PE) in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies. The association between inter-twin CRL and birth weight (BW) discrepancy was also investigated. Methods: This was a retrospective, case-control study of DCDA twin pregnancies. Inter-twin CRL discrepancy was calculated as 100×(larger CRL-smaller CRL)/larger CRL. BW discordance was calculated as 100×(larger BW-smaller BW)/larger BW. Results: The study included 299 DCDA pregnancies that remained normotensive and 35 that subsequently developed PE. There was no significant difference in the inter-twin CRL discrepancy between pregnancies complicated by PE and those that were not [3.2%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.5-4.5% vs. 3.3%, IQR: 1.4-5.5%; P=0.17]. There was a positive correlation between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy but only in pregnancies that remained normotensive (P<0.001). In women that subsequently developed PE, there was no association between inter-twin CRL and BW discordance (P=0.54). Conclusions: In unselected DCDA twins, first-trimester CRL discrepancy is not different between pregnancies that subsequently develop PE and those that remain normotensive. Furthermore, in pregnancies that are complicated by PE, the association between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy appears to be lost.
Journal of perinatal medicine.J Perinat Med.2014 Mar 25. pii: /j/jpme.ahead-of-print/jpm-2013-0260/jpm-2013-0260.xml. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0260. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Objective: To investigate the relation between first-trimester fetal growth discrepancy, as assessed by crown-rump length (CRL) at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks of gestation, and subsequent development of preeclampsia (PE) in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies. The association between inte
PMID 24663225

Cardiac function in ten-year old twins following different fetal therapies for twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

Gardiner HM1, Matsui H, Roughton M, Greenwald SE, Diemert A, Taylor MJ, Hecher K.Author information 1Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital; Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK.AbstractOBJECTIVES: Compare cardiac function at ten years in three groups of monochorionic twin pairs (MCDA): uncomplicated MCDA (n = 6), Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) managed by amnioreduction (TTTS-amnio, n = 9) or laser photocoagulation (TTTS-laser, n = 10).and dichorionic (DCDA, n = 6) controls.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.2013 Dec 18. doi: 10.1002/uog.13279. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: Compare cardiac function at ten years in three groups of monochorionic twin pairs (MCDA): uncomplicated MCDA (n = 6), Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) managed by amnioreduction (TTTS-amnio, n = 9) or laser photocoagulation (TTTS-laser, n = 10).and dichorionic (DCDA, n
PMID 24347245

Japanese Journal

コア変形法(DCDA)の室内検証実験

Journal of MMIJ : Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 130(12), 515-521, 2014-12
NAID 40020289260

岩盤応力評価のためのユア変形法(DCDA)

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 129(8), 577-584, 2013-08-01
NAID 10031188227

EMISSION OF SULPHUR OXIDES FROM THE STACK OF DCDA UNIT-A CASE STUDY

MACRO REVIEW 16(1), 452-456, 2003
NAID 130001606144

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