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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/15 14:37:37」(JST)

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Cuphea ignea flowers resemble a tiny burning cigar in color, hence the common name "cigar plant"

Cuphea /ˈkjuːfiːə/^[2] is a genus containing about 260 species of annual and perennial flowering plants native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The species range from low-growing herbaceous plants to semi-woody shrubs up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall. Commonly they are known as cupheas, or, in the case of some species, as cigar plants. The generic name is derived from the Greek word κυφος (kyphos), meaning "bent," "curved," or "humped."^[3]

Botanist Shirley A. Graham, currently of the Missouri Botanical Garden, has published widely on the genus. Among Graham's Cuphea contributions are two volumes in the series Systematic Botany Monographs.

Uses

False Heather (C. hyssopifolia) fruit with seeds

Several Cuphea species are popular ornamental plants or honey plants. C. ignea 'David Verity' and C. micropetalia are popular plants to attract hummingbirds.

Some species of Cuphea are used to produce cuphea oil, of interest as sources of medium-chain triglycerides. For most purposes, cuphea oil is identical to coconut oil and palm oil; these are derived from strictly tropical plants however and – particularly in the latter case – the expanding production of which has caused a considerable amount of habitat destruction. Cuphea may thus produce a valuable source of income for farmers in temperate regions, and by supplementing coconut and palm oil to satisfy the growing demand (e.g. for biodiesel production) at the same time decreasing the need for wholesale logging in tropical countries. Early attempts at commercial production have focused on an interspecific hybrid population derived from C. lanceolata and Clammy Cuphea (C. viscosissima).

Cuphea has also been shown to improve agricultural crops in North America when used in crop rotation. Crop rotation is commonly practiced among farmers to improve soil quality, control host-specific pests, and decrease the use of fertilizers and pesticides. When cuphea was introduced into the crop rotation of corn and wheat, scientists from the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA found that the addition of cuphea had positive effects on the following harvest, including a higher yield of crop and crops that are higher in protein.[1] Such research reveals how cuphea can be used in agriculture to increase the profitability of crops like wheat and corn.

The seed oils of some species are very rich in one particular fatty acid. C. painteri oil, for example, is about three-quarters caprylic acid; C. carthagenensis oil consists of about 80% lauric acid. C. koehneana oil may be the richest natural source of a single fatty acid, with 95% of its content consisting of capric acid.

Selected species

Cuphea cyanea flowers

Cuphea procumbens fruits

Cuphea aspera Chapman
Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F.MacBr.
Cuphea cyanea DC.
Cuphea decandra W.T.Aiton
Cuphea elegans
Cuphea epilobiifolia
Cuphea hookeriana Walp.
Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth – false heather, Mexican heather
Cuphea ignea A.DC.
Cuphea ingrata Cham. et Schltdl.
Cuphea jorullensis Kunth
Cuphea koehneana Rose
Cuphea laminuligera Koehne
Cuphea lanceolata W.T.Aiton
Cuphea linarioides Cham. et Schltdl.
Cuphea llavea Lex. – bat-faced cuphea ^[4]
Cuphea lutea Rose
Cuphea lutescens Hoehne
Cuphea melvilla Lindl.
Cuphea mesostemon Koehne
Cuphea micropetala Kunth
Cuphea nudicostata
Cuphea painteri Rose
Cuphea parsonsia (L.) R.Br. ex Steud. – island wax weed
Cuphea procumbens Ortega
Cuphea salvadorensis Standl.
Cuphea speciosa Mart.
Cuphea strigulosa
Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. – clammy cuphea, blue waxweed, tarweed
Cuphea wrightii A.Gray^[5]

References

^ "Cuphea P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1994-09-07. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. I: A-C. CRC Press. p. 664. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
^ Rainy Side Gardeners: Cuphea llavea 'Tiny Mice'
^ "Species Records of Cuphea". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-07-09.

English Journal

Identification of active site residues implies a two-step catalytic mechanism for acyl-ACP thioesterase.

Jing F, Yandeau-Nelson MD, Nikolau BJ.
The Biochemical journal. 2018 Dec;475(23)3861-3873.
In plants and bacteria that use a Type II fatty acid synthase, isozymes of acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase (TE) hydrolyze the thioester bond of acyl-ACPs, terminating the process of fatty acid biosynthesis. These TEs are therefore critical in determining the fatty acid profiles produced
PMID 30409825

Redox regulation and NO/cGMP plus K channel activation contributes to cardiorenal protection induced by Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. in ovariectomized hypertensive rats.

Schaedler MI, Palozi RAC, Tirloni CAS, Silva AO, Araújo VO, Lourenço ELB, de Souza LM, Lívero FADR, Gasparotto Junior A.
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2018 Dec;51()7-19.
One of the medicinal plants widely used by the population in the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis and circulatory disorders is Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. (Lythraceae), popularly known as 'sete sangrias', being found in Brazil, Hawaii and in South Pacific Islands. Despite the
PMID 30466630

Highly Active C-Acyl-ACP Thioesterase Variant Isolated by a Synthetic Selection Strategy.

Hernández Lozada NJ, Lai RY, Simmons TR, Thomas KA, Chowdhury R, Maranas CD, Pfleger BF.
ACS synthetic biology. 2018 Sep;7(9)2205-2215.
Microbial metabolism is an attractive route for producing medium chain length fatty acids, e.g., octanoic acid, used in the oleochemical industry. One challenge to this strategy is the lack of enzymes that are both highly active in a microbial host and selective toward substrates with desired chain
PMID 30064208

Japanese Journal

クフェア種子油の食用油脂としての特性

日本食品科学工学会誌 : Nippon shokuhin kagaku kogaku kaishi = Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology 48(3), 210-213, 2001-03-15
NAID 10007577651

KAS IV : a 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase from Cuphea sp. is a medium chain specific condensing enzyme

Plant J. 15, 383-390, 1998
NAID 30014608452

Cuphea leptopoda Hemsl.の休眠打破と育苗方法

中国農業試験場研究報告 (16), 35-44, 1996-03
NAID 40004689408

「クフェア属」

Cuphea
	Cuphea nudicostata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Lythraceae
Subfamily:	Lythroideae
Genus:	Cuphea; P.Browne
Species
	Some 260, see text
Synonyms
	Cuphaea Moench, orth. var.; Melanium P.Browne; Melvilla A.Anderson; Parsonsia P.Browne