WordNet
- genus of leafless root-parasitic orchids having small purplish or yellowish racemose flowers with lobed lips; widely distributed in temperate regions (同)genus Corallorhiza
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/10/11 01:01:52」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Yellow coralroot |
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Corallorhiza trifida |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Plantae |
(unranked): |
Angiosperms |
(unranked): |
Monocots |
Order: |
Asparagales |
Family: |
Orchidaceae |
Subfamily: |
Epidendroideae |
Tribe: |
Maxillarieae |
Subtribe: |
Corallorhizinae |
Genus: |
Corallorhiza
Gagnebin |
Synonyms[1] |
- Cladorhiza Raf.
- Rhizocorallon Hall in H.B.Ruppius
- Corallorrhiza Gagnebin, spelling variation
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Corallorhiza, the coralroot, is a genus of flowers in the orchid family. Except for the circumboreal C. trifida,[2] the genus is restricted to North America (including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies).[1][3][4][5]
Most species are parasitic, relying entirely upon mycorrhizal fungi within their coral-shaped rhizomes for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy, they cannot be successfully cultivated. Most species are leafless and rootless. They do not produce chlorophyll, and do not utilize photosynthesis. An exception is the yellowish green species Corallorhiza trifida, which has some chlorophyll and is only partially dependent on its fungal associates for nutrition.[6]
Contents
- 1 List of species
- 2 Gallery
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
List of species
Many species names have been proposed that are now considered synonyms of other species, or members of other genera. Species accepted as members of Corallorhiza as of May 2014:[1][7]
- Corallorhiza bentleyi Freudenst. - Virginia, West Virginia
- Corallorhiza bulbosa A.Rich. & Galeotti - Mexico, Guatemala
- Corallorhiza ekmanii Mansf. - Haiti, Dominican Republic
- Corallorhiza macrantha Schltr. - Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guatemala
- Corallorhiza maculata Raf. - widespread across much of Canada, the United States, Mexico and Guatemala
- Corallorhiza mertensiana Bong. - Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Washington, Idaho, California, Wyoming
- Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. - eastern United States and Canada, from Texas to Florida, north to South Dakota, Ontario, Quebec and Maine
- Corallorhiza striata Lindl. - much of Canada and Mexico; northern and western United States
- Corallorhiza trifida Châtel - Canada; northern and western United States; widespread across Europe and Asia including Russia, China, Korea, the Himalayas, Ukraine, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom etc.
- Corallorhiza williamsii Correll - Morelos, El Salvador
- Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad - Mexico and much of the United States
Gallery
See also
References
- ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Coralloriza, Yellow Coralroot, Corallorhiza trifida
- ^ Flora of North America, Corallorhiza, v 26 p 633
- ^ Freudenstein, J. V. 1997. A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(10): 5–51.
- ^ Gagnebin, Abraham. 1755. Acta Helvetica, Physico-Mathematico-Anatomico-Botanico-Medica 2: 61.
- ^ Zimmer, K., et al. (2008). The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco-heterotroph. New Phytologist 178:2 395-400.
- ^ Biota of North America Program
External links
- Media related to Corallorhiza at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Corallorhiza at Wikispecies
English Journal
- Investigating the path of plastid genome degradation in an early-transitional clade of heterotrophic orchids, and implications for heterotrophic angiosperms.
- Barrett CF1, Freudenstein JV2, Li J3, Mayfield-Jones DR4, Perez L3, Pires JC4, Santos C3.
- Molecular biology and evolution.Mol Biol Evol.2014 Dec;31(12):3095-112. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu252. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
- Parasitic organisms exemplify morphological and genomic reduction. Some heterotrophic, parasitic plants harbor drastically reduced and degraded plastid genomes resulting from relaxed selective pressure on photosynthetic function. However, few studies have addressed the initial stages of plastome deg
- PMID 25172958
- Quinones and halogenated monoterpenes of algal origin show anti-proliferative effects against breast cancer cells in vitro.
- de la Mare JA1, Lawson JC, Chiwakata MT, Beukes DR, Edkins AL, Blatch GL.
- Investigational new drugs.Invest New Drugs.2012 Dec;30(6):2187-200. doi: 10.1007/s10637-011-9788-0. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
- Red and brown algae have been shown to produce a variety of compounds with chemotherapeutic potential. A recent report described the isolation of a range of novel polyhalogenated monoterpene compounds from the red algae Plocamium corallorhiza and Plocamium cornutum collected off the coast of South A
- PMID 22249429
- The plastid genome of the mycoheterotrophic Corallorhiza striata (Orchidaceae) is in the relatively early stages of degradation.
- Barrett CF1, Davis JI.
- American journal of botany.Am J Bot.2012 Sep;99(9):1513-23. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1200256. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
- PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Plastid genomes of nonphotosynthetic, mycoheterotrophic plants represent apt systems in which to study effects of relaxed evolutionary constraints. The few mycoheterotrophic angiosperm plastomes sequenced to date display drastic patterns of degradation/reduction relative to tho
- PMID 22935364
Japanese Journal
- Symbiotic germination and development of myco-heterotrophic plants in nature : transfer of carbon from ectomycorrhizal Salix repens and Betula pendula to the orchid Corallorhiza trifida through shared hyphal connections
- Population, habitat and genetic correlates of mycorrhizal specialization in the cheating orchids Corallorhiza maculata and C. mertensiana
Related Links
- Corallorhiza, the coralroot orchids, is a genus of flowers in the orchid family. Most species are leafless, relying entirely upon symbiotic fungi within their coral-shaped roots for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco ...
- Corallorhiza maculata is found in shaded coniferous forests from California to British Columbia, also in the eastern United States and New Mexico. It has red brown to pink spotted petals and a white spotted lip. The species can be ...
Related Pictures