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small genus of perennial tuberous herbs of tropical Asia: taro (同)genus Colocasia

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/31 17:28:18」(JST)

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Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, the root vegetables whose many names include taro and eddoe. It is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated plants.^[1]^{[not in citation given]}

Leaf

Description

Rhizomes of different shapes and sizes. Leaves up to 40×24.8 cm, sprouts from rhizome, dark green above and light green beneath, triangular-ovate, sub-rounded and mucronate at apex, tip of the basal lobes rounded or sub-rounded. Petiole 0.8 -1.2 m high. Spathe up to 25 cm long. Spadix about 3/5 as long as the spathe, flowering parts up to 8 mm in diameter. Female portion at the fertile ovaries intermixed with sterile white ones. Neuters above the females, rhomboid or irregular oblong. Male portion above the neuter. Synandrium lobed, cells 6 or 8. Appendage shorter than the male portion.

Taxonomy

The specific epithet, esculenta, means "edible" in Latin.

Taro is related to Xanthosoma and Caladium, plants commonly grown as ornamentals, and like them it is sometimes loosely called elephant ear.

Distribution and habitat

Taro was probably first native to the lowland wetlands of Malaysia (taloes). Estimates are that taro was in cultivation in wet tropical India before 5000 BC, presumably coming from Malaysia, and from India further transported westward to ancient Egypt, where it was described by Greek and Roman historians as an important crop. In India, it is known as "Gaderi", with smaller ones called "arbi" or "arvi" being more common and popular. In Indonesia, it is called talas or keladi.

In Australia, Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis is native to the Kimberley region of Western Australia; variety esculenta is naturalised in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales.

Uses

Corms

Taro's primary use is the consumption of its edible corm and leaves. In its raw form, the plant is toxic due to the presence of calcium oxalate,^[2]^[3] and the presence of needle-shaped raphides in the plant cells. However, the toxin can be minimized and the tuber rendered palatable by cooking,^[4] or by steeping in cold water overnight.

Corms of the small round variety are peeled and boiled, sold either frozen, bagged in its own liquids, or canned. The leaves are rich in vitamins and minerals.

It is also sold as an ornamental aquatic plant.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colocasia esculenta.

^ Country profile: Samoa, New Agriculturist Online new-agri.co, accessed June 12, 2006
^ Weird Foods from around the World
^ ASPCA: Animal Poison Control Center: Toxic Plant List
^ The Morton Arboretum Quarterly, Morton Arboretum/University of California, 1965, p. 36.

External links

Colocasia esculenta in West African plants – A Photo Guide.

UpToDate Contents

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2. キノコ中毒の臨床症状および評価 clinical manifestations and evaluation of mushroom poisoning
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4. 脊髄に影響を与える疾患 disorders affecting the spinal cord

English Journal

Structural analysis of β-prism lectin from Colocasia esculenta (L.) S chott.

Vajravijayan S1, Pletnev S2, Pletnev VZ3, Nandhagopal N4, Gunasekaran K5.
International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2016 Oct;91:518-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.048. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
The Mannose-binding β-Prism Colocasia esculenta lectin (β-PCL) was purified from tubers using ion exchange chromatography. The purified β-PCL appeared as a single band of ∼12kDa on SDS-PAGE. β-PCL crystallizes in trigonal space group P3121 and diffracted to a resolution of 2.1Å. The structure
PMID 27262515

Evaluation of Metal Contamination and Phytoremediation Potentiality of Aquatic Macrophytes of East Kolkata Wetlands, India.

Khatun A1, Pal S2, Mukherjee AK3, Samanta P1,4, Mondal S1, Kole D1, Chandra P1, Ghosh AR1.
Environmental health and toxicology.Environ Health Toxicol.2016 Sep 8. doi: 10.5620/eht.e2016021. [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives: Present study deals with the analysis of metal contamination in sediment of East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), a Ramsar site, which is receiving a huge amount of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas and their subsequent uptake and accumulation in different macrophytes in r
PMID 27669754

Biosorptive uptake of Fe(2+), Cu(2+) and As(5+) by activated biochar derived from Colocasia esculenta: Isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, and cost estimation.

Banerjee S1, Mukherjee S1, LaminKa-Ot A2, Joshi SR2, Mandal T1, Halder G1.
Journal of advanced research.J Adv Res.2016 Sep;7(5):597-610. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
The adsorptive capability of superheated steam activated biochar (SSAB) produced from Colocasia esculenta was investigated for removal of Cu(2+), Fe(2+) and As(5+) from simulated coal mine wastewater. SSAB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and
PMID 27408763

Japanese Journal

サトイモの湛水栽培に関する研究

鹿児島県農業開発総合センター研究報告 = Bulletin of the Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development (10), 49-88, 2016
NAID 40020792411

Effects of Industrial Effluents on Chromosomes of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Collected from Five Different Affected Areas

CYTOLOGIA 81(2), 169-174, 2016
NAID 130005159779

Effect of Calcium Concentration in Growth Medium on Oxalate Content and Evaluation of the Role of Guttation in the Regulation of Oxalate in Eddo

Plant Production Science 18(4), 464-470, 2015
NAID 130005099366

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「サトイモ」「タロイモ」
関連記事	「Colocasia」

「サトイモ」

Colocasia esculenta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Alismatales
Family:	Araceae
Subfamily:	Aroideae
Tribe:	Colocasiodeae
Genus:	Colocasia
Species:	C. esculenta
Binomial name
	Colocasia esculenta; (L.) Schott