麦角菌科
WordNet
- any of various mushrooms of the class Ascomycetes (同)grainy club mushrooms
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/10 13:42:54」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Clavicipitaceae |
|
| Claviceps purpurea |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Fungi |
| Division: |
Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: |
Pezizomycotina |
| Class: |
Sordariomycetes |
| Order: |
Hypocreales |
| Family: |
Clavicipitaceae |
| Genera |
|
See text
|
Clavicipitaceae is a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. It consists of 43 genera, and 321 species.[1]
Contents
- 1 Phylogeny
- 2 Significance
- 3 Genera
- 4 References
Phylogeny[edit]
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates that the taxon, Clavicipitaceae, is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae).[2] The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal group spans mutualistic plant symbionts as well as parasites of plants, insects, and other fungi.[3]
Significance[edit]
Many of its members produce alkaloids toxic to animals and humans. One of its most infamous species is Claviceps purpurea, which has historical significance as the cause of St. Anthony's Fire, also known as ergotism. Ergotism is caused by ergot alkaloids, such as ergotamine and ergocristine, which are chemical derivatives of lysergic acid. Ciclosporin, a drug used in transplant surgery, is derived from Tolypocladium inflatum, the anamorph of Cordyceps subsessilis. Cordyceps sinensis is highly valued in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Species of Beauveria and Metarhizium are widely used in the biological control of insect pests.
Genera[edit]
Teleomorphic genera (having a known sexual cycle)
Aciculosporium – Ascopolyporus—Atkinsonella—Atricordyceps—Balansia – Berkelella – Cavimalum – Cepsiclava – Claviceps – Cordycepioideus – Cordyceps – Dussiella – Epichloë – Epicrea – Helminthascus – Heteroepichloë – Hyperdermium – Hypocrella – Konradia – Loculistroma – Metacordyceps – Moelleriella – Mycomalmus – Myriogenospora – Neobarya – Neoclaviceps – Neocordyceps – Parepichloë – Phytocordyceps – Podocrella – Regiocrella – Romanoa – Shimizuomyces – Sphaerocordyceps – Stereocrea – Torrubiella – Villosiclava – Wakefieldiomyces
Anamorphic genera (having no known sexual cycle):
Akanthomyces – Aschersonia – Beauveria – Chaunopycnis – Corallocytostroma – Culicinomyces – Drechmeria – Ephelis – Gibellula – Haptocillium – Harposporium – Hirsutella – Hymenostilbe – Isaria – Lecanicillium – Mariannaea – Metarhizium – Microhilum – Neomunkia – Neotyphodium – Nomuraea – Paecilomyces – Pochonia – Polycephalomyces – Pseudogibellula – Simplicillium – Sorosporella – Tolypocladium – Ustilaginoidea
References[edit]
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI. p. 150. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
- ^ Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, Spatafora JW (September 2007). "A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44 (3): 1204–23. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.011. PMID 17555990.
- ^ Spatafora JW, Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, White JF Jr. (2007). "Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes". Mol. Ecol. 16 (8): 1701–1711. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03225.x. PMID 17402984.
- C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 978-0-471-52229-4
English Journal
- New insights into ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in Claviceps purpurea: an agroclavine synthase EasG catalyses, via a non-enzymatic adduct with reduced glutathione, the conversion of chanoclavine-I aldehyde to agroclavine.
- Matuschek M, Wallwey C, Xie X, Li SM.SourcePhilipps-Universitat Marburg, Institut fur Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037, Marburg, Germany.
- Organic & biomolecular chemistry.Org Biomol Chem.2011 Jun 7;9(11):4328-35. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
- Ergot alkaloids are indole derivatives with diverse structures and biological activities. They are produced by a wide range of fungi with Claviceps purpurea as the most important producer for medical use. Chanoclavine-I aldehyde is proposed as a branch point via festuclavine or pyroclavine to clavin
- PMID 21494745
- Periglandula, a new fungal genus within the family Clavicipitaceae and its association with Convolvulaceae.
- Steiner U, Leibner S, Schardl CL, Leuchtmann A, Leistner E.SourceRheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Mycologia.Mycologia.2011 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]
- We describe two newly discovered fungi living on the adaxial leaf surface of plants belonging to the Convolvulaceae, Ipomoea asarifolia and Turbina corymbosa. The fungi apparently are epibionts since hyphae were never observed to penetrate epidermal cells or stomata of their respective host plants,
- PMID 21558502
Japanese Journal
- エンドファイトが産生する生理活性物質の生合成遺伝子とその発現調節
- 竹本 大吾,田中 愛子,Barry SCOTT
- マイコトキシン 61(1), 13-18, 2011
- Epichloë/Neotyphodium 属エンドファイト（以下 Epichloë エンドファイト）は牧草，芝草の細胞間隙で伸長し，共生関係を保っている糸状菌エンドファイトである．Epichloë エンドファイトは，宿主植物内で様々な生理活性物質を生成し，植物に有益な効果をもたらすことが知られている．Epichloë エンドファイトが植物内で生成する生理 …
- NAID 130000449823
- Reassessment of type specimens of Cordyceps and its allies described by Dr. Yosio Kobayasi, preserved in the National Museum of Nature and Science. Part 2 : Cordyceps (Elaphocordyceps) on Elaphomyces
- SATO Hiroki,BAN Sayaka,MASUYA Hayato,HOSOYA Tsuyoshi
- Mycoscience 51(5), 387-390, 2010-09-25
- NAID 10026696019
Related Links
- Molecular phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates that the taxon, Clavicipitaceae, is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family ...
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