関: East Coast Sea Nettle

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a genus of Scyphozoa (同)genus Chrysaora

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/19 20:08:49」(JST)

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Chrysaora quinquecirrha (commonly named the Atlantic sea nettle or East Coast sea nettle) is a widely distributed species of jellyfish that inhabits tropical and subtropical parts of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. It is frequently seen along the East Coast of the United States, such as the Chesapeake Bay. It is smaller than the Pacific sea nettle, and has more variable coloration, but is typically pale, pinkish or yellowish, often with radiating more deeply colored stripes on the exumbrella, especially near the margin.

Description[edit]

The sea nettle is radially symmetrical, marine, and carnivorous. Its mouth is located at the center of one end of the body, which opens to a gastrovascular cavity that is used for digestion. It has tentacles that surround the mouth to capture food. Nettles have no excretory or respiratory organs. Each sea nettle is either in a free-swimming stage or a polyp stage. The free-swimming stage, or medusa stage reproduces sexually, and the polyp stage reproduces asexually.

The Atlantic sea nettle is a bell-shaped invertebrate, usually semi-transparent and with small, white dots and reddish-brown stripes. Sea nettles without stripes have a bell that appears white or opaque. The nettle's sting is rated from "moderate" to "severe" and can be pernicious to smaller prey; it is not, however, potent enough to cause human death, except by allergic reaction. While the sting is not particularly harmful, it can cause moderate discomfort to any individual stung. The sting can be effectively neutralized by misting vinegar over the affected area. This keeps unfired nematocysts from firing and adding to the discomfort.^[1]

Feeding habits[edit]

Atlantic sea nettle swimming

Stinging sea nettles are carnivorous. They generally feed on zooplankton, ctenophores, other jellies, and sometimes crustaceans. Nettles immobilize and obtain their prey using their stinging tentacles. After that, the prey is transported to the gastrovascular cavity where it is subsequently digested.

Nettles are also able to consume minnows, bay anchovy eggs, worms, and mosquito larvae.

Defense mechanisms[edit]

Each nettle tentacle is coated with thousands of microscopic cnidocytes; in turn, every individual cnidocyte has a "trigger" (cnidocil) paired with a capsule containing a coiled stinging filament. Upon contact, the cnidocil will immediately initiate a process which ejects the venom-coated filament from its capsule and into the target. This will inject toxins capable of killing smaller prey or stunning perceived predators. On humans, this will most likely cause a nonlethal, but nevertheless painful rash typically persisting for about 20 minutes. Some earlier cases of nettle stings from the Philippines reportedly had more severe effects: one account describes a sting causing vascular insufficiency, and another mononeuritis.^[2]

Rather than toxic substances, some cnidocytes contain adhesion used to entangle or anchor its target.

References[edit]

^ "Jellyfish Stings".
^ Caravati, E Martin (2004). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1626. ISBN 0-7817-2845-2.

MacKay, Bryan (1995). Hiking, Cycling, and Canoeing in Maryland: A Family Guide. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 244–245. ISBN 0-8018-5035-5.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chrysaora quinquecirrha.

NOAA forecast of sea nettle distribution in the Chesapeake Bay
More images of Sea Nettle

UpToDate Contents

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1. クラゲ刺傷 jellyfish stings

English Journal

Complete mitochondrial genome of the jellyfish, Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa).

Hwang DS1, Park E, Won YJ, Lee WJ, Shin K, Lee JS.
Mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA.2014 Feb;25(1):25-6. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2013.775272. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
We sequenced 16,775 bp of the linear mitochondrial DNA of the jellyfish Chrysaora quinquecirrha and characterized them. C. quinquecirrha has 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA with 3 tRNAs (tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Ser(TGA), tRNA-Met) as shown in Aurelia sp. nov. Both have another two PCGs
PMID 23488924

Evidence-based treatment of jellyfish stings in North America and Hawaii.

Ward NT1, Darracq MA, Tomaszewski C, Clark RF.
Annals of emergency medicine.Ann Emerg Med.2012 Oct;60(4):399-414. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.04.010. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
We performed a systematic review of the evidence supporting various treatments for envenomation by jellyfish (cnidarian) and related organisms in North America and Hawaii. Our review produced 19 pertinent primary articles. Current research demonstrates variable response to treatment, often with conf
PMID 22677532

Evaluation of the effects of various chemicals on discharge of and pain caused by jellyfish nematocysts.

Birsa LM1, Verity PG, Lee RF.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol.2010 May;151(4):426-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Jan 29.
Jellyfish tentacles in contact with human skin can produce pain swelling and redness. The pain is due to discharge of jellyfish nematocysts and associated toxins and discharge can be caused by a variety of mechanical and chemical stimuli. A series of tests were carried out with chemicals traditional
PMID 20116454

Japanese Journal

Two new actions of sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) nematocyst venom : studies on the mechanism of actions on complement activation and on the central nervous system

ISHIKAWA T
Toxicon 44, 895-899, 2004
NAID 30006233864

The feeding and growth of the sea nettle, Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor), in the laboratory

LARSON R. J.
Estuaries 9, 376-379, 1986
NAID 30020311276

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「シーネットル」「East Coast Sea Nettle」

「シーネットル」

Chrysaora quinquecirrha
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Scyphozoa
Order:	Semaeostomeae
Family:	Pelagiidae
Genus:	Chrysaora
Species:	C. quinquecirrha
Binomial name
	Chrysaora quinquecirrha; (Desor, 1848)