PrepTutorEJDIC
- 専制神主政治,独裁君主政治
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/20 12:36:04」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Statue of Julius Caesar in Rimini, Italy
French Emperor Napoleon I, Napoleon admired Julius Caesar and emulated him and ancient Rome. In this picture Napoleon wears a Roman-style golden laurel wreath crown (that was worn at ceremonies by Roman rulers) and holds a scepter with a Roman eagle on it.
Italian
Duce Benito Mussolini standing atop a tank and making a speech to soldiers of the Italian Army.
Caesarism is a form of political rule that emulates the rule of Roman dictator Julius Caesar over the Roman Republic, in that it is led by a charismatic strongman whose rule is based upon 'a cult of personality, whose rationale is the need to rule by force, establishing a violent social order, and being a regime involving prominence of the military in the government.[1][2] It has been used by proponents of it, but it has also been commonly used in a pejorative manner.
A so-called "democratic" form of Caesarism has been advocated by theorists like Venezuela's Laureano Vallenilla Lanz in Cesarismo Democrático (1919).[1]
[3] The most famous person who themselves espoused Caesarism, was Napoleon Bonaparte, who admired and emulated Caesar during his rule in France.[4] Italian Duce Benito Mussolini and the ideology of Italian Fascism espoused Caesarism.[5]
Benjamin Disraeli was also famously accused of Caesarism in March 1878 when, in anticipation of war with Russia, he mobilised British reserves and called Indian troops to Malta. G. K. Chesterton made one of the most ringing denunciations of Caesarism in his work Heretics, calling it "the worst form of slavery".
History of the term
The first documented use of the word is in the 19th century when it was used by German historian Johannesburg Friedrich Böhmer to describe the state subordinating the Church to its control. [6]
Later in the 19th century it was used again by Auguste Romieu but it had a different meaning. Romieu defined Caesarism as the rule of military warlords.
References
- ^ a b Caesarism, Charisma, and Fate: Historical Sources and Modern Resonances in the Work of Max Weber. Transaction Publishers. 2008. p. 34.
- ^ "Caesarism". The Free Dictionary.
- ^ von Vacano, Diego A. (2012). The Color of Citizenship: Race, Modernity and Latin American / Hispanic Political Thought. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 83–111. ISBN 9780199746668.
- ^ Weber, p. 54
- ^ Emilio Gentile, The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishers, 2003. pp. 137–138.
- ^ Peter Baehr. "Caesarism, Charisma and Fate: Historical Sources and Modern Resonances in the Work of Max Weber". p. 32.
See also
- Strongman (politics)
- Cult of personality
- Stratocracy
- Bonapartism
- Italian Fascism
English Journal
- [Conformity and Caesarism].
- MAURIAC P.
- Concours medical.Concours Med.1951 Nov 10;73(45):3783-4.
- PMID 14887232
Japanese Journal
- 『ジュリアス・シーザー』論 : 構成上の問題点について
- 高久 眞一
- 北海学園大学人文論集 (3), 1-33, 1994-10-31
- … After Brutus' funeral speech stressing the iniquity of Caesarism, he hears the voices saying, "Let him be Caesar" and "Caesar's better parts/Shall be crown'd in Brutus", which merely proves Brutus' self-important speech was utterly in vain. …
- NAID 110001060100
- トレルチとウェーバー : カルヴィニズムとデモクラシーの問題
- 近藤 勝彦
- 聖学院大学論叢 1, 73-92,189, 1988-12-30
- … and Weber give evidence of strikingly different interpretation of democratic idea: while Troeltsch emphasized a "conservative democracy," Weber advocated a "democracy of popularly elected leaders." In Troeltsch's view Weber's democracy amounted to an approximation to the Caesarism( dictatorship/Authoritarianism) that Weber himself, appealing to Puritanic ideal, has once repudiated.This paper, pursuing the ideological differences between these two Political-Thinkers and testing the validity of their thought, defines the contradictory relationship …
- NAID 110001900122
Related Links
- But for this very reason there now sets in the final battle between Democracy and Caesarism, between the leading forces of dictatorial money-economics and the purely-political will-to-order of the Caesars" (Spengler 1932: 465).
- Caesarism is a form of political rule that emulates the rule of Roman dictator Julius Caesar over the Roman Republic, in that it is led by a charismatic strongman whose rule is based upon a cult of personality, whose ...