C3植物

WordNet

place something or someone in a certain position in order to secretly observe or deceive; "Plant a spy in Moscow"; "plant bugs in the dissidents apartment"
(botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion (同)flora, plant life
buildings for carrying on industrial labor; "they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles" (同)works, industrial plant
an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience
something planted secretly for discovery by another; "the police used a plant to trick the thieves"; "he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant"
put firmly in the mind; "Plant a thought in the students minds" (同)implant
put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground; "Lets plant flowers in the garden" (同)set
place into a river; "plant fish"
make plans for something; "He is planning a trip with his family"
scale drawing of a structure; "the plans for City Hall were on file" (同)architectural plan
a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue" (同)program, programme
have the will and intention to carry out some action; "He plans to be in graduate school next year"; "The rebels had planned turmoil and confusion" (同)be after
make or work out a plan for; devise; "They contrived to murder their boss"; "design a new sales strategy"; "plan an attack" (同)project, contrive, design
the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system
putting seeds or young plants in the ground to grow; "the planting of corn is hard work"
the act of fixing firmly in place; "he ordered the planting of policemen outside every doorway"
a collection of plants (trees or shrubs or flowers) in a particular area; "the landscape architect suggested a small planting in the northwest corner"

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(動物に対して)『植物』,草木・(樹木に対して)『草』,草本(そうほん)( 木部があまり発達せず地上部が一年で枯れる植物)・苗,苗木・生産設備,工場,プラント設備,装置・《俗》(人をおとしいれる)わな,おとり / 〈苗など〉‘を'『植える』,〈種〉‘を'まく・(植物を) ‘に'植える《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…に)〈思想など〉‘を'植えつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》・《場所の副詞[句]を伴って》(ある場所)…‘を'しっかりと置く(すえる,立てる) / ・〈工場・生産設備など〉‘を'建設する・《俗》〈スパイ〉‘を'送りこむ,〈わな〉‘を'仕掛ける・（嫌疑がかかるように）こっそり置く
『計画』,『案』,プラン,設計 / 『設計図』,『図面』;(小区域の)地図,市街図 / …‘を'『計画する』,‘の'案を立てる / …の設計図をかく,‘を'設計する / 計画を立てる
carbonの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/26 09:30:37」(JST)

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Calvin-Benson cycle

C₃ carbon fixation is a metabolic pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesis. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction:

CO₂ + RuBP → (2) 3-phosphoglycerate

This reaction occurs in all plants as the first step of the Calvin-Benson cycle. In C₄ plants, carbon dioxide is drawn out of malate and into this reaction rather than directly from the air.

Plants that survive solely on C₃ fixation (C₃ plants) tend to thrive in areas where sunlight intensity is moderate, temperatures are moderate, carbon dioxide concentrations are around 200 ppm or higher,^[1] and ground water is plentiful. The C₃ plants, originating during Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras, predate the C₄ plants and still represent approximately 95% of Earth's plant biomass. C₃ plants lose 97% of the water taken up through their roots to transpiration.^[2] Examples include rice and barley.

C₃ plants cannot grow in hot areas because RuBisCO incorporates more oxygen into RuBP as temperatures increase. This leads to photorespiration, which leads to a net loss of carbon and nitrogen from the plant and can, therefore, limit growth. In dry areas, C₃ plants shut their stomata to reduce water loss, but this stops CO₂ from entering the leaves and, therefore, reduces the concentration of CO₂ in the leaves. This lowers the CO₂:O₂ ratio and, therefore, also increases photorespiration. C₄ and CAM plants have adaptations that allow them to survive in hot and dry areas, and they can, therefore, outcompete C₃ plants.

The isotopic signature of C₃ plants shows higher degree of ¹³C depletion than the C₄ plants.

References

^ C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Respiration. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Mark McGinley and C.J.Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
^ Raven, J.A.; Edwards, D. (2001). "Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance". Journal of Experimental Botany 52 (90001): 381–401. doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.suppl_1.381. PMID 11326045.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Gardovatine, a novel Strychnos-Strychnos bisindole alkaloid with cytotoxicity from Gardneria oveta.

Feng T, Li XN, Zhang BH, Li Y, Cai XH, Liu YP, Luo XD.SourceState Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2013 Oct 15;23(20):5563-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.051. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Gardovatine (1), the first Strychnos-Strychnos alkaloid with a C3/C7 cleaved backbone, was isolated from twigs and leaves of Gardneria ovate, together with an analogue divarine (2). The structure was established by extensive spectroscopic methods. Both compounds showed potential cytotoxicities again
PMID 24012119

Next-generation sequencing, FISH mapping, and synteny-based modeling reveal mechanisms of decreasingdysploidy in Cucumis.

Yang L, Koo DH, Li D, Zhang T, Jiang J, Luan F, Renner SS, Hénaff E, Sanseverino W, Garcia-Mas J, Casacuberta J, Senalik DA, Simon PW, Chen J, Weng Y.SourceHorticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.Plant J.2013 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12355. [Epub ahead of print]
In the large Cucurbitaceae genus Cucumis,cucumber (C. sativus) is the only species with 2n=2x=14 chromosomes.The majority of the remaining species, including melon (C. melo) andthe sister species of cucumber,C. hystrix,have 2n=2x=24 chromosomes, implying a reduction from n=12 to n=7. To understand t
PMID 24127692

Cloning and characterization of a novel acidic cutinase from Sirococcus conigenus.

Nyyssölä A, Pihlajaniemi V, Häkkinen M, Kontkanen H, Saloheimo M, Nakari-Setälä T.SourceVTT Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland, Antti.Nyyssola@vtt.fi.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2013 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
A cutinase gene (ScCut1) was amplified by PCR from the genomic DNA of the ascomycetous plant pathogen Sirococcous conigenus VTT D-04989 using degenerate primers designed on the basis of conserved segments of known cutinases and cutinase-like enzymes. No introns or N- or O-glycosylation sites could b
PMID 24121867

Japanese Journal

Chemical Conversion of Ryanodol to Ryanodine

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005138703

Influence of historical manmade alterations on soil-forming processes in a former imperial estate (Shirogane-goryouchi), the Institute for Nature Study : Development of a soil evaluation technique and importance of inventory construction for urban green areas(<SUPPLEMENTARY ISSUE>SOILS OF ANTHROPIZED ENVIRONMENTS)