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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/30 18:32:00」(JST)

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Brugia timori is a human filarial parasitic nematode (roundworm) which causes the disease "Timor filariasis." While this disease was first described in 1965,^[1] the identity of Brugia timori as the causative agent was not known until 1977.^[2] In that same year, Anopheles barbirostris was shown to be its primary vector.^[3]

Characteristics of Brugia timori

The microfilariae of Brugia timori are longer and morphologically distinct from those of Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti, with a cephalic space length-to-width ratio of about 3:1. Also, the sheath of B. timori does not stain pink with Giemsa stain as is observed with B. malayi and W. bancrofti.^[4]

Brugia timori filariasis

Like other human filariasis infections, Brugia timori filariasis causes acute fever and chronic lymphedema. The life cycle of Brugia timori is very similar to that of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, leading to nocturnal periodicity of the disease symptoms.

So far Brugia timori has only been found in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. It is locally confined to areas inhabited by its mosquito vector, which breeds in rice fields. One study of the prevalence of infection in Mainang village, Alor Island, found microfilariae in the blood of 157 of 586 individuals (27%), with 77 of them (13%) exhibiting lymphedema of the leg.^[5]

Treatment

Anthelmintics such as diethylcarbamazine and albendazole have shown promise in the treatment of Brugia timori filariasis.^[6] Some researchers are confident that Brugia timori filariasis may be an eradicable disease.^[7] Related filarial nematodes have been found highly sensitive to elimination of their endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria, and this may be a powerful attack route against Brugia timori as well.

References

^ David, H.L. and J.F. Edeson (1965) Filariasis in Portuguese Timor, with observations on a new microfilaria found in man. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 59:193-204.
^ Partono, F., D.T. Aennis, Atmosoedjono, S., Oemijati, S., and J.H. Cross (1977) Brugia timori sp.n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Flores Island, Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology 63(3):540-546.
^ Atomosoedjono, S., F. Partono, D.T. Dennis, and Purnomo (1977) Anopheles barbirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) as a vector of the Timor filaria on Flores Island: Preliminary observations. Journal of Medical Entomology 13(4-5):611-613.
^ Purnomo, D.T. Dennis, and F. Partono (1977) The microfilaria of Brugia timori (Partono et al. 1977 = Timor microfilaria, David and Edeson, 1964): Morphologic description with comparison to Brugia malayi of Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology 63(3):1001-1006.
^ Supali, T., H. Wibowo; P. Rückert, K. Fischer, I.S. Ismid, Purnomo, Y. Djuardi, and P. Fischer (2002) High prevalence of Brugia timori infection in the highland of Alor Island, Indonesia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66(5):560-565.
^ Oqueka, T., T. Supali, I.S. Ismid, Purnomo; P. Rückert, M. Bradley, and P. Fischer (2005) Impact of two rounds of mass drug administration using diethylcarbamazine combined with albendazole on the prevalence of Brugia timor and of intestinal helminths on Alor Island, Indonesia. Filaria Journal 4(1):5 [1]
^ Fischer, P., T. Supali and R.M. Maizels (2004) Lymphatic filariasis and Brugia timori: Prospects for elimination. Trends in Parasitology 20(8):351-355.

External links

http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Lymphatic_filariasis/Introduction.htm
http://www.nematodes.org/fgn/pnb/brugtim.html^{[permanent dead link]}
https://web.archive.org/web/20080907114101/http://www.dhpe.org/infect/Lymphfil.html

UpToDate Contents

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1. リンパ管フィラリア症の診断、治療、および予防 diagnosis treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis
2. リンパ管フィラリア症の疫学、病因、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis
3. 熱帯性肺好酸球増多症 tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
4. 末梢性リンパ浮腫の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of peripheral lymphedema
5. ロア糸状虫症（ロア糸状虫感染） loiasis loa loa infection

English Journal

Effect of CDNB on filarial thioredoxin reductase : A proteomic and biochemical approach.

Tiwari S1, Wadhawan M1, Singh N1, Rathaur S2.
Journal of proteomics.J Proteomics.2015 Jan 15;113:435-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.007. Epub 2014 Oct 25.
Thioredoxin reductase plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we have targeted TrxR in Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite using its inhibitor CDNB. It caused significant decrease in the motility and viability of these parasites leading to their de
PMID 25463268

Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti.

Small ST1, Tisch DJ2, Zimmerman PA2.
Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.Infect Genet Evol.2014 Dec;28:33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.08.018. Epub 2014 Aug 29.
Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) is the most widely distributed of the three nematodes known to cause lymphatic filariasis (LF), the other two being Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Current tools available to monitor LF are limited to diagnostic tests targeting DNA repeats, filarial antigens, and anti-fila
PMID 25176600

Single molecule sequencing and genome assembly of a clinical specimen of Loa loa, the causative agent of loiasis.

Tallon LJ, Liu X, Bennuru S, Chibucos MC, Godinez A, Ott S, Zhao X, Sadzewicz L, Fraser CM, Nutman TB, Dunning Hotopp JC1.
BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2014 Sep 12;15:788. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-788.
BACKGROUND: More than 20% of the world's population is at risk for infection by filarial nematodes and >180 million people worldwide are already infected. Along with infection comes significant morbidity that has a socioeconomic impact. The eight filarial nematodes that infect humans are Wucherer
PMID 25217238

「チモール糸状虫」

Brugia timori
Classification and external resources
Specialty	infectious disease
ICD-10	B74.2
DiseasesDB	32423
	[edit on Wikidata]

Brugia timori
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Secernentea
Order:	Spirurida
Family:	Onchocercidae
Genus:	Brugia
Species:	B. timori
Binomial name
	Brugia timori; Partono et al. 1977

　　[★]

英: Brugia timori
関: リンパ系糸状虫症、チモール糸状虫症

参考

1.

http://www.jomf.or.jp/report/kaigai/19/worm/c/c2/c2-1.htm

「Brugia」

　　[★]

糸状虫、ブルギア、ルギア属、Brugia属

[1] David, H.L. and J.F. Edeson (1965) Filariasis in Portuguese Timor, with observations on a new microfilaria found in man. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 59:193-204.

[2] Partono, F., D.T. Aennis, Atmosoedjono, S., Oemijati, S., and J.H. Cross (1977) Brugia timori sp.n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Flores Island, Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology 63(3):540-546.

[3] Atomosoedjono, S., F. Partono, D.T. Dennis, and Purnomo (1977) Anopheles barbirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) as a vector of the Timor filaria on Flores Island: Preliminary observations. Journal of Medical Entomology 13(4-5):611-613.

[4] Purnomo, D.T. Dennis, and F. Partono (1977) The microfilaria of Brugia timori (Partono et al. 1977 = Timor microfilaria, David and Edeson, 1964): Morphologic description with comparison to Brugia malayi of Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology 63(3):1001-1006.

[5] Supali, T., H. Wibowo; P. Rückert, K. Fischer, I.S. Ismid, Purnomo, Y. Djuardi, and P. Fischer (2002) High prevalence of Brugia timori infection in the highland of Alor Island, Indonesia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66(5):560-565.

[6] Oqueka, T., T. Supali, I.S. Ismid, Purnomo; P. Rückert, M. Bradley, and P. Fischer (2005) Impact of two rounds of mass drug administration using diethylcarbamazine combined with albendazole on the prevalence of Brugia timor and of intestinal helminths on Alor Island, Indonesia. Filaria Journal 4(1):5 [1]

[7] Fischer, P., T. Supali and R.M. Maizels (2004) Lymphatic filariasis and Brugia timori: Prospects for elimination. Trends in Parasitology 20(8):351-355.

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Brugia timori