Brachychiton

　

WordNet

1. Australian trees (usually with swollen trunks) (同)genus Brachychiton

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/27 20:14:38」(JST)

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"Bottletree" redirects here. For other uses, see Bottle tree (disambiguation).

Brachychiton
Brachychiton acerifolius
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Malvales
Family:	Malvaceae
Genus:	Brachychiton Schott & Endl.
Species
See text.

Brachychiton (kurrajong, bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species), and New Guinea (one species). Fossils from New South Wales and New Zealand are estimated to be 50 million years old, corresponding to the Paleogene.

They grow to 4 – 30m tall, and some are dry-season deciduous. Several species (though not all) are pachycaul plants with a very stout stem for their overall size, used to store water during periods of drought. The leaves show intraspecific variation and generally range from entire to deeply palmately lobed with long slender leaflet-like lobes joined only right at the base. Their sizes range from 4 – 20 cm long and wide.

All species are monoecious with separate male and female flowers on the same plant. The flowers have a bell-shaped perianth consisting of a single series of fused lobes which is regarded as a calyx despite being brightly coloured in most species. The female flowers have five separate carpels that can each form a woody fruit containing several seeds. The flower colour is often variable within species. Eastern forest species drop their foliage before flowering but those of the drier regions carry the flowers while in leaf.

The name Brachychiton is derived from the Greek brachys, short, and chiton, tunic, in referring to its loose seed coats. The generic name is often misconstrued as being of neuter gender, with the specific names then incorrectly amended. Thus B. rupestre and B. populneum are sometimes seen in horticultural books and magazines.

Kurrajong comes from Dharuk garrajuŋ "fishing line", as fishing lines were made from kurrajong bark. A few Kurrajong species are popular garden trees and have been introduced to hot dry regions including the Mediterranean, South Africa and the western United States. These species are also hybridised for horticultural purposes, B. populneo-acerifolius being one example. Kurrajongs are known to bloom erratically in cultivation.

Selected species

B. bidwillii flowers

Brachychiton acerifolius – Illawarra flame tree, Flame kurrajong, Couramyn Brachychiton acuminatus Brachychiton albidus Brachychiton australis – Broad-leaved bottletree, Large-leaved kurrajong Brachychiton bidwillii – Little kurrajong, Pink lacebark Brachychiton carruthersii Brachychiton chillagoensis Brachychiton collinus Brachychiton compactus Brachychiton discolor – Scrub bottletree, Lacebark Tree, Pink flame tree, White kurrajong Brachychiton diversifolius – northern kurrajong Brachychiton fitzgeraldianus Brachychiton garrawayae Brachychiton grandiflorus Brachychiton gregorii – Desert kurrajong Brachychiton incanus Brachychiton megaphyllus Brachychiton muellerianus Brachychiton multicaulis Brachychiton obtusilobus Brachychiton paradoxus – Red-flowered kurrajong Brachychiton populneus – Lacebark kurrajong, White-flower kurrajong, Bottle tree, Black kurrajong, Northern kurrajong Brachychiton rupestris – Queensland bottle tree, Narrow-leaf bottletree, Queensland kurrajong Brachychiton spectabilis Brachychiton tridentatus Brachychiton tuberculatus – Meayacka Brachychiton velutinosus – Brush kurrajong Brachychiton viscidulus Brachychiton vitifolius Brachychiton xanthophyllus

Notes

References

• Guymer, G.P. (1988) A taxonomic revision of Brachychiton (Sterculiaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 1: 199-323.
• Macoboy, S. (1991) What tree is that?, ISBN 1-86302-131-0

External links

• Notes on Fossil Leaves, Stewart R. Hinsley, 2005
• A PlantList search for Brachychiton

English Journal

• Transpiration of urban forests in the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

• Pataki DE, McCarthy HR, Litvak E, Pincetl S.SourceDepartment of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3100, USA. dpataki@uci.edu
• Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.Ecol Appl.2011 Apr;21(3):661-77.
• Despite its importance for urban planning, landscape management, and water management, there are very few in situ estimates of urban-forest transpiration. Because urban forests contain an unusual and diverse mix of species from many regions worldwide, we hypothesized that species composition would b
• PMID 21639035

• Assisting Australian indigenous resource management and sustainable utilization of species through the use of GIS and environmental modeling techniques.

• Gorman J, Pearson D, Whitehead P.SourceSchool for Environmental Research, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia.
• Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2008 Jan;86(1):104-13. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
• Information on distribution and relative abundance of species is integral to sustainable management, especially if they are to be harvested for subsistence or commerce. In northern Australia, natural landscapes are vast, centers of population few, access is difficult, and Aboriginal resource centers
• PMID 17303315

Japanese Journal

• The structure of Brachychiton diversifolium gum (Sterculia caudata).

• HIRST E. L.
• J. Chem. Soc. 1958, 1942-1950, 1958
• NAID 30011872920

Related Links

• Brachychiton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brachychiton (Kurrajong, Bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species), and New Guinea (one species). Fossils from New South Wales and New Zealand are ...

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