オーストラリア脳炎
WordNet
- of or relating to or characteristic of Australia or its inhabitants or its languages; "Australian deserts"; "Australian aborigines"
- the Austronesian languages spoken by Australian aborigines (同)Aboriginal Australian
- a native or inhabitant of Australia (同)Aussie
- a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; Aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony (同)Commonwealth of Australia
- the smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean
- inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis is no longer in scientific use) (同)cephalitis, phrenitis
PrepTutorEJDIC
- オーストラリアの,豪州の / オーストラリア人
- 『オーストラリア』,豪州(首都はCanberra)
- 脳炎
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2018/01/01 11:56:43」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Murray Valley encephalitis virus |
Virus classification |
Group: |
Group IV ((+)ssRNA) |
Order: |
Unassigned |
Family: |
Flaviviridae |
Genus: |
Flavivirus |
Species: |
Murray Valley encephalitis virus |
Murray Valley encephalitis virus |
Classification and external resources |
ICD-9-CM |
062.4 |
DiseasesDB |
32810 |
[edit on Wikidata]
|
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus endemic to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is the causal agent of Murray Valley encephalitis (previously known as Australian encephalitis or Australian X disease). In humans it can cause permanent neurological disease or death. MVEV is related to Kunjin virus which has a similar ecology but a lower morbidity rate. Although the arbovirus is endemic to Northern Australia, it has occasionally spread to the southern states during times of heavy rainfall during the summer monsoon season via seasonal flooding of the Murray-Darling river system. These outbreaks can be "...decades apart, with no or very few cases identified in between".[1]
Contents
- 1 Vector
- 2 History
- 3 Presentation
- 4 Clone
- 5 References
Vector
MVEV is a mosquito-borne virus that is maintained in a bird-mosquito-bird cycle. Water birds from the order Ciconiiformes, including herons and cormorants, provide the natural reservoir for MVEV.[2] The major mosquito vector is Culex annulirostris. Human infection occurs only through bites from infected mosquitoes; the virus cannot be transmitted from person to person.[3]
History
The first epidemics of MVE occurred in 1917 and 1918 in Southeastern Australia following years of high rainfall. The virus was isolated from human samples in 1951 during an epidemic in the Murray Valley, Australia.[4][5]
Epidemics usually occur due to either infected birds or mosquitoes migrating from endemic areas to non-endemic areas.[3] The New South Wales government has placed 'sentinel flocks' of chickens near known bird breeding sites as an early warning system. These flocks are tested for MVE during the mosquito breeding season.[1]
Presentation
The majority of MVEV infections are sub-clinical, i.e. do not produce disease symptoms, although some people may experience a mild form of the disease with symptoms such as fever, headaches, nausea and vomiting and only a very small number of these cases go on to develop MVE. In fact, serological surveys which measure the level of anti-MVEV antibodies within the population estimate that only 1 in 800-1000 of all infections result in clinical disease.[3]
The incubation period following exposure to the virus is around 1 to 4 weeks. Following infection, a person will have lifelong immunity to the virus. When a patient appears to show MVE symptoms and has been in an MVE-endemic area during the wet season, when outbreaks usually occur, MVE infection must be confirmed by laboratory diagnosis, usually by detection of a significant rise of MVE-specific antibodies in the patient's serum.[3] Of those who contract MVE, one-quarter die from the disease.[6]
Clone
The scientific study of the genetics of MVEV has been facilitated by the construction and manipulation of an infectious cDNA clone of the virus. [7] Mutations in the envelope gene have been linked to the attenuation of disease in mouse models of infection.
References
- ^ a b "Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE) Factsheet". New South Wales Department of Health. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ Marshall ID, Brown BK, Keith K, Gard GP, Thibos E (1982). "Variation in arbovirus infection rates in species of birds sampled in a serological survey during an encephalitis epidemic in the Murray Valley of South-eastern Australia, February 1974". Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 60 (5): 471–8. doi:10.1038/icb.1982.52. PMID 6299259.
- ^ a b c d "Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection—Fact Sheet". Department of Health and Ageing. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ French EL (1952). "Murray Valley encephalitis isolation and characterization of the aetiological agent". Med. J. Aust. 1 (4): 100–3. PMID 14909902.
- ^ Burnet FM (1952). "Murray Valley encephalitis". Am J Public Health Nations Health. 42 (12): 1519–21. doi:10.2105/AJPH.42.12.1519. PMC 1526305 . PMID 13007862.
- ^ "Deadly mosquito disease suspected". ABC News (Australia). May 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
- ^ Hurrelbrink RJ, Nestorowicz A, McMinn PC (1 December 1999). "Characterization of infectious Murray Valley encephalitis virus derived from a stably cloned genome-length cDNA". J. Gen. Virol. 80 (12): 3115–25. PMID 10567642.
Taxon identifiers |
- Wd: Q3053944
- EoL: 541217
- NCBI: 11079
|
Zoonotic viral diseases (A80–B34, 042–079)
|
Arthropod-borne |
Mosquito-borne |
Bunyavirales |
- Arbovirus encephalitides: La Crosse encephalitis
- Batai virus (BATV)
- Bwamba Fever (BWAV)
- California encephalitis
- Jamestown Canyon virus
- Tete virus
- Tahyna virus (TAHV)
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Rift Valley fever
- Bunyamwera fever (BUNV)
- Ngari virus (NRIV)
|
Flaviviridae |
- Arbovirus encephalitides: Japanese encephalitis
- Australian encephalitis
- Saint Louis encephalitis
- Usutu virus
- West Nile fever
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Dengue fever
- Yellow fever
- Zika fever
|
Togaviridae |
- Arbovirus encephalitides: Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
- Western equine encephalomyelitis
- Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
- Chikungunya
- O'Nyong-nyong fever
- Ross River fever
- Semliki Forest virus
- Sindbis fever
|
Reoviridae |
|
|
Tick-borne |
Bunyavirales |
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
- Heartland virus
- Bhanja virus
- Sandfly fever Naples virus
- Lone Star virus
- Tete virus
|
Flaviviridae |
- Arbovirus encephalitides: Tick-borne encephalitis
- Powassan encephalitis
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Omsk hemorrhagic fever
- Kyasanur forest disease
- Langat virus (LGTV)
|
Reoviridae |
- Colorado tick fever
- Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
|
|
Sandfly-borne |
Bunyavirales |
- Adria virus (ADRV)
- Pappataci fever
- Sandfly fever Naples virus
- Oropouche fever
- SFTS virus
|
Rhabdoviridae |
|
|
|
Mammal-borne |
Rodent-borne |
Arenaviridae |
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Lassa fever
- Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
- Argentine hemorrhagic fever
- Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
- Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
- LUJV
- CHPV
|
Bunyavirales |
- Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
|
|
Bat-borne |
Filoviridae |
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Ebola virus disease
- BDBV
- EBOV
- SUDV
- TAFV
- Marburg virus disease
- MARV
- RAVV
|
Rhabdoviridae |
|
Paramyxoviridae |
|
|
Primate-borne |
Herpesviridae |
|
Retroviridae |
- Simian foamy virus
- HTLV-1
- HTLV-2
|
Poxviridae |
- Tanapox
- Yaba monkey tumor virus
|
|
Multiple vectors |
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Alfred Walter Campbell's return to Australia.
- Macmillan M1.
- Journal of the history of the neurosciences.J Hist Neurosci.2017 Nov 27:1-16. doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2017.1376796. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29173053
- Helicase Domain of West Nile Virus NS3 Protein Plays a Role in Inhibition of Type I Interferon Signalling.
- Setoh YX1, Periasamy P2, Peng NYG3, Amarilla AA4, Slonchak A5, Khromykh AA6.
- Viruses.Viruses.2017 Nov 2;9(11). pii: E326. doi: 10.3390/v9110326.
- PMID 29099073
- Characterization of recombinant Flaviviridae viruses possessing a small reporter-tag.
- Tamura T1, Fukuhara T2, Uchida T3, Ono C1, Mori H1, Sato A1, Fauzyah Y1, Okamoto T1, Kurosu T4, Setoh YX5, Imamura M3, Tautz N6, Sakoda Y7, Khromykh AA5, Chayama K3, Matsuura Y2.
- Journal of virology.J Virol.2017 Nov 1. pii: JVI.01582-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01582-17. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29093094
Japanese Journal
- Australian "X" disease, Murray Valley encephalitis, and the French connection
- T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Dengue-Infected Target Cells
- Geographic Distribution of Arbovirus Antibodies in Indigenous Human Populations in the Indo-Australian Archipelago
- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28(2), 351-363, 1979-03
- NAID 120001269737
Related Links
- In Australian encephalitis a person can sometimes have a very mild case and usually is unaware that they are sick, in fact only 1 in 500 people become seriously ill. There is often a sudden onset of fever, headache, dizziness and ...
- Murray Valley encephalitis Murray Valley encephalitis A rare, Japanese encephalitis-like disease caused by a flavivirus-group B togavirus, which occurs in small epidemic clusters in Murray Valley and elsewhere in Victoria and New ...
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