WordNet

type genus of the family Ascaridae: roundworms with a three-lipped mouth (同)genus Ascaris

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/31 22:30:46」(JST)

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Image showing life cycle inside and outside of the human body of one fairly well described helminth: Ascaris lumbricoides

Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the "small intestinal roundworms", which is a type of helminth.^[1] One species, Ascaris lumbricoides, affects humans and causes the disease ascariasis. Another species, Ascaris suum, typically infects pigs. Parascaris equorum, the equine roundworm, is also commonly called an "Ascarid".^[2]

Their eggs are deposited in feces and soil. Plants with the eggs on them infect any organism that consumes them.^[3] A. lumbricoides is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide. Infestation can cause morbidity by compromising nutritional status,^[4] affecting cognitive processes,^{[citation needed]} inducing tissue reactions such as granuloma to larval stages, and by causing intestinal obstruction, which can be fatal.

Morphology

Adult: cylindrical shape, creamy white or pinkish in color
Male: average 15–30 cm and is more slender than female
Female: average 20–35 cm in length

The body is long, cylindrical, fusiform (pointed at both the ends), body wall is composed of cuticle, epidermis and musculature. Presence of a false body pseudocoelom not lined by epithelium. Digestive system is complete. Respiration by simple diffusion. Nervous system consists of a nerve ring and many longitudinal nerve cords. Only sexual reproduction. Sexes are separate with sexual dimorphism. Males are usually shorter than females.^{[citation needed]}

Defense mechanism

As part of the parasite defense strategy, Ascaris roundworms secrete a series of inhibitors to target digestive and immune-related host proteases, which include pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin/elastase, cathepsins, and metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs). Ascaris species inhibit MCPs by releasing an enzyme known as Ascaris carboxypeptidase inhibitor (ACI). This enzyme binds to the active site of MCP and blocks the cleavage of its own proteins by the host MCP.^[5]

Gallery

Esophagus of an Ascaris worm
Ascaris cross section 40×
Ascaris cross section 40×
Ascaris cross section 400×

References

^ Carter, Burton J. Bogitsh, Clint E. (2013). Human parasitology, Chapter 16: Intestinal nematodes (4th ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-12-415915-0. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ "Parasites:Ascarids". eXtension. September 27, 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
^ "Parasites-Ascariasis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
^ Hall, A., G. Hewitt, V. Tuffrey and N. de Silva (2008). A review and meta-analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 4 (Suppl 1): 118-236
^ Sanglas, Laura; Aviles, Francesc X.; Huber, Robert; Gomis-Ruth, F. Xavior; Arolas, Joan L. 2008. Mammalian metallopeptidase inhibition at the defense barrier of Ascaris parasite. University of Barcelona, Spain.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 回虫症 ascariasis
2. 回虫症の肺症状 pulmonary manifestations of ascariasis
3. 集団寄生虫駆除 population deworming
4. 駆虫薬療法 anthelminthic therapies
5. 胆道寄生虫症の内視鏡診断およびマネージメント endoscopic diagnosis and management of biliary parasitosis

English Journal

Concurrent urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthic infections in schoolchildren in Ilobu, South-western Nigeria.

Ugbomoiko US, Dalumo V, Danladi YK, Heukelbach J, Ofoezie IE.SourceDepartment of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2012 Jul;123(1):16-21. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a schistosome-endemic rural community in Southwestern Nigeria. We assessed prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematodes and the co-occurrence with Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni. Urine and stool samples from 419 schoolchildren were
PMID 22440198

Assessing the zoonotic potential of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis: looking to the future from an analysis of the past.

Nejsum P, Betson M, Bendall RP, Thamsborg SM, Stothard JR.SourceDanish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Journal of helminthology.J Helminthol.2012 Jun;86(2):148-55. Epub 2012 Mar 19.
The two geohelminths, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, infect more than a billion people worldwide but are only reported sporadically in the developed part of the world. In contrast, the closely related species A. suum and T. suis in pigs have a truly global distribution, with infected
PMID 22423595

Japanese Journal

Ascaris lumbricoids infection as a risk factor for asthma and atopy in rural Bangladeshi children

Hawlader Mohammad D. H.,Ma Enbo,Noguchi Emiko,Itoh Makoto,Arifeen Shams E.,Persson Lars Å.,Moore Sophie E.,Raqib Rubhana,Wagatsuma Yukiko
Tropical Medicine and Health, 2014
… Repeated Ascaris infection was defined by the presence of anti-Ascaris IgE≥0.70 UA/ml in serum measured by the CAP-FEIA method. … Anti-Ascaris IgE was significantly associated with ever asthma (odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.14–3.04, highest vs. lowest quartile; … Anti-Ascaris IgE was also significantly associated with positive anti-DP IgE (OR = 9.89, 95% CI: 6.52–15.00, highest vs. lowest; …
NAID 130003392442

人体への寄生虫感染を警戒すべき食材(9)現代の日本人でも安心できない回虫の感染(ノート)

牧純,関谷洋志,田邊知孝 [他]
ニューフードインダストリー 55(4), 43-49, 2013-04
NAID 40019650666

Immunization of Rabbits with Nematode Ascaris lumbricoides Antigens Induces Antibodies Cross-Reactive to House Dust Mite Dermatophagoides farinae Antigens

NAKAZAWA Takuya,KHAN Al Fazal,YASUEDA Hiroshi [他]
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77(1), 145-150, 2013-01
NAID 40019561928

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 60」「アスカリス属」「lumbricus」「round worm」「lumbricoides」
拡張検索	「Ascaris lumbricoides」

「100Cases 60」

Ascaris
	Adult female
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Secernentea
Order:	Ascaridida
Family:	Ascarididae
Genus:	Ascaris; Linnaeus, 1758
Species
	Ascaris lumbricoides; Ascaris suum

　　[★]

attend

vt.

～に出席/参列する、(学校に)行く(go toより堅い語)

The normal ECG and chest X-ray when he attended hospital after an episode do not rule out an intermittent conduction problem.

(結果として)～に伴う

～に同行/同伴する、付き添う、仕える。往診する。～の世話をする、～に気をつける、見張る

vi.

出席/参列/出勤する(at)

留意/注目/傾聴する(to)。身を入れる、勢力を注ぐ、心を傾注する(to)。世話をする、気を配る(to)

仕える、付きそう(on)。(危険・困難などが)伴う(on)

productive

adj

生産的な、生産力を有する(⇔unproductive
(擦過が)他作の。(土地などが)多産の、豊富に算出する
[叙述](～を)引き起こす、もたらす(of)
(事業などが)利益をもたらす、営利的な。良い結果をもたらす、実りの多い
(言語)(接辞などが)生産性のある
(医学)(咳が)喀痰を伴う。(炎症が)増殖性の

outflow

n.

流出/流出物。流出量

vi.

流出する

obstruction

n.

妨害、障害、支障、差し障り(to)。妨害物、

obstruction to outflow

the clinical picture suggests obstruction to outflow from the stomach.(この臨床像は胃流出障害を示唆している)

閉塞、閉塞症。

obstruction to outflow

流出障害

ex.

the clinical picture suggests obstruction to outflow from the stomach.(この臨床像は胃流出障害を示唆している)

aqueous outflow from the eye (眼球からの房水流出)

retain

re + tent (tineo=teneo) = to hold back

vt.

保持する、保有する、保留する、持ち続ける、維持する。(使用のために)確保しておく
(ある場所に)保つ、保持する。(熱などを)保っている、失わないでいる
忘れないでいる、覚えている
(弁護士・気腫・召使いなどを)雇っておく、抱える
使用/実行し続ける。(廃止しないで)そのままにしておく

palliation

n.

寛解、緩和

n.

強く揺り動かすこと、強く揺れること

splash

n.

はね返し、はねかけ。はねかす音。

どっと流れる水。

□unit

1 unit = 10 ml of ethanol

□350ml アルコール5%

350x0.05/10=1.75 unit

http://pohwa.adam.ne.jp/you/hobby/ryori/sake2.ht ml

1unitの量が国によって違う。純エタノール換算で、1英unitは8g=10ml（英糖尿病協会採用の数値）、1米unitは15g（20ml弱：1drinkとも）で、日本では10～14g程度（代謝熱量80Kcalが基準：食品成分表5訂版,2002）や20ないし23g（日本酒1合分）を1unitとしている。日本の医学界では1unit=20g（体積に換算すると25ml）を採用することが多いので、ここでもそれに従う。この基準（1unit=20g=25ml）で計算すると、40度のウィスキー1ショット（＝1オンス：英液量オンスで28.41ml、米液量オンスで29.57ml、日本の1ショットで30ml）が約0.5unitとなる。5度のビールなら500mlでだいたい1unit（この、日本酒1合≒ウィスキーダブル≒ビール500cc≒1unitという関係は、覚えておくと便利かもしれない：ワインなどは日本酒に準じるので、1本750mlがだいたい4unit強である）。

主訴：体重減少

(主訴にまつわる症状)

　・4ヶ月で10kg減少、食欲の減少、嘔吐(頻度：次第に増えてきている。嘔吐物と量：何時間も前に食べたものを多量に嘔吐する)

(主訴以外の症状)

　・一ヶ月前から脱力感(部位：特に下肢で著しい(丘に登ったり、階段を上ったりするとき))

嗜好歴：喫煙 20/day、飲酒 10units/week (ビール 6本弱)

家族歴：なし

既往歴：高血圧(2年間β遮断薬で治療、4ヶ月前に服薬中止)

身体所見 examination

バイタル：82/分、血圧 148/86 mmHg

全身：やせ、体調が悪そう(unwell)。

呼吸器、心血管系に異常なし