鶏回虫属、アスカリディア属、Ascaridia属

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roundworm having a preanal sucker (同)genus Ascaridia

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/26 19:22:18」(JST)

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Ascaridia /æskəˈrɪdiə/ is the name of a genus of parasitic nematodes. Members of the genus are primarily intestinal parasites of birds.^[1] There are three well known species, namely, A. galli found mostly in chicken, A. dissimilis in turkeys, and A. columbae in pigeons. Lesser known species such as A. hermaphrodita, A. sergiomeirai, A. ornata, A. nicobarensis and A. platyceri are found in parrots.^[2]

Among these A. galli is the most important and most pathogenic species, responsible for 'ascaridiasis' of poultry.^[3] The eggs of these nematodes are characterized by a thick shell, smooth and ellipsoidal, and composed of three distinct layers.

The eggs of A. dissimilis is marginally bigger than A. galli and A. columbae in marginally smaller. All these ascarid eggs are very similar in appearance to Heterakis gallinarum.

All three species exhibit a direct life cycle involving the release of eggs into the soil and the subsequent re-ingestion of them in food. A. columbae may also migrate through the liver.

Clinical signs & diagnosis

Symptoms of heavy infection include anorexia, diarrhea, stunted growth, listlessness, a change in behavior and enteritis. Heavy infections can cause a partial or total obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Laying hens may produce soft eggs with thin and misshapened shells.

Clinical signs are more common in young chickens less than three months old as older chicken develop some resistance to infection.

Infection may be diagnosed on clinical signs and fecal examination. Alternatively, postmortem examination should demonstrate enteritis - caused by the emergence of larvae from the mucosa. The gastrointestinal tract may also be distended in chronic cases.

Treatment & control

Piperazine salts, levamisole and benzimidazoles are all reported treatments.

Ascarid eggs are resistant to desiccation, persist for a long time in the environment, and remain directly infective. Therefore control of infection involves the prevention of contamination of feeders and drinkers with faeces (by raising them off the ground); pasture rotation and regular dosing with the above mentioned treatments, especially in young birds.^[4]

References

^ Yamaguti, S. (1961). Systema Helminthum. 3. The nematodes of vertebrates. Interscience Publishers, New York and London, pp. 1261
^ Kajerova V, Barus V, Literak I (2004). Nematodes from the genus Ascaridia parasitizing psittaciform birds: a review and determination key. Vet. Med. – Czech, 49 (6): 217–223.
^ Griffiths HJ (1978). A Handbook of Veterinary Parasitology: Domestic Animals of North America. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 46-47.
^ McMullin P (2004). A Pocket Guide to: Poultry Health and Disease. 5M Enterprises Ltd., Sheffield, UK. ISBN 0-9530150-5-X.

5. Ascaridia - Poultry, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http://en.wikivet.net/Ascaridia_-_Poultry, accessed 16/08/2011.

English Journal

The effects of dietary non-starch polysaccharides on Ascaridia galli infection in grower layers.

Da? G, Abel H, Humburg J, Schwarz A, Rautenschlein S, Breves G, Gauly M.SourceUniversity of Gottingen, Department of Animal Sciences, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Gottingen, Germany.
Parasitology.Parasitology.2011 Sep 23:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]
SUMMARYThis study examined whether Ascaridia galli infection can be controlled by dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in chickens. One-day-old chicks were fed either a basal diet (CON) or CON plus insoluble NSP (I-NSP), or CON plus soluble NSP (S-NSP) for 11 weeks. Three weeks later, birds from
PMID 21939584

Infection dynamics of Ascaridia galli in non-caged laying hens.

Hoglund J, Jansson DS.SourceDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7009, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. johan.hoglund@slu.se
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2011 Aug 25;180(3-4):267-73. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
The infection dynamics of Ascaridia galli in laying hens was investigated in six commercial non-caged flocks. Three flocks were managed in accordance with the regulations for organic production and had outdoor access, whereas three flocks were housed indoors in aviaries or traditional floor systems.
PMID 21514056

Japanese Journal

Parasite egg contamination of hands in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam

Hoa Nguyen Thi Viet,Noda Shinichi,Uga Shoji,Thuan Le Khanh,Aoki Yoshiki,Fujimaki Yasunori
Tropical Medicine and Health advpub(0), 1005180139, 2010
… (1.1%), Ascaridia galli (0.7%), Taenia sp. …
NAID 130000262634

Parasite egg contamination of water and air in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam

NODA Shinichi,HOA Nguyen Thi Viet,UGA Shoji,THUAN Le Khanh,AOKI Yoshiki,FUJIMAKI Yasunori
Tropical medicine and health 37(2), 55-61, 2009-06-01
… The eggs found were Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Ascaridia galli, hookworm, Taenia sp. … The species of eggs found were Trichuris sp., Ascaridia galli and Taenia sp. …
NAID 10025715125

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リンク元	「鶏回虫属」「アスカリディア属」
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「鶏回虫属」

Ascaridia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Secernentea
Order:	Ascaridida
Suborder:	Ascaridina
Superfamily:	Heterakoidea
Family:	Ascaridiidae
Genus:	Ascaridia; Dujardin, 1845
Diversity
	15 species