アルスロバクター、ルスロバクター属、Arthrobacter属
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/09 02:54:10」(JST)
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| Arthrobacter |
|
| Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
| Phylum: |
Actinobacteria |
| Class: |
Actinobacteria |
| Order: |
Actinomycetales |
| Family: |
Micrococcaceae |
| Genus: |
Arthrobacter
Conn & Dimmick, 1947 |
Arthrobacter (from the Greek, "jointed small stick”) is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary phase.
Colonies of Arthrobacter have a greenish metallic center on mineral salts pyridone broth incubated at 20 °C (68 °F). This genus is distinctive because of its unusual habit of "snapping division" in which the outer bacterial cell wall ruptures at a joint (hence its name). Microbiologists refer to the type of cell division in which rods break into cocci as reversion. Under the microscope, these dividing cells appear as chevrons ("V" shapes). Other notable characteristics are that it can use pyridone as its sole carbon source, and that its cocci are resistant to desiccation and starvation.
One species, A. crystallopoietes, has been shown to reduce hexavalent chromium levels in contaminated soil, suggesting that it may be useful in bioremediation.[1]
Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus sp. nov., a species capable of degrading high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol, may also be useful in bioremediation.[2] Arthrobacter sp. strain R1 (American Type Culture Collection strain number 49987) has been shown to grow on a variety of aromatic compounds, including homocyclic compounds, such as hydroxybenzoates, as well as N-heterocycles, including pyridine and picoline.[3]
Arthrobacter sp H65-7 produces the enzyme inulase II that converts inulin into difructose anhydride (DFA). DFA is a promising nutrient for fighting osteoporis, because it helps absorption of calcium in the intestines.[citation needed]
The enzyme Alu obtained from Arthrobacter luteus is able to cleave Alu sequences in human DNA, causing the kind of gene sequence to be named after the enzyme. Alu are a group of moderately repetitive gene sequences (300bp in length). Alu sequences make up 6-8% of the human genome.[4]
References
- ^ F.A.O Camargo, F.M. Bento, B.C. Okeke, and W.T. Frankenberger (2003). "Hexavalent chromium reduction by an actinomycete, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes ES 32". Biological Trace Element Research 97 (2): 183–194. doi:10.1385/BTER:97:2:183. PMID 14985627.
- ^ K Westerberg, AM Elvang, E Stackebrandt and JK Jansson (2000). "Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus sp. nov., a new species capable of degrading high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50: 2083–2092. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-6-2083. PMID 11155983.
- ^ O'Loughlin, E. J., G.K. Sims, and S.J. Traina (1999). "Biodegradation of 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, and 2-hydroxypyridine by an arthrobacter sp. isolated from subsurface sediment". Biodegradation 10 (2): 93–104. doi:10.1023/A:1008309026751. PMID 10466198.
- ^ Marks A. Basic Medical Biochemistry: a Clinical Approach 3ed, p. 248.
External links
- Arthrobacter Genome Projects (from Genomes OnLine Database)
- Comparative Analysis of Arthrobacter Genomes (at DOE's IMG system)
English Journal
- Synergistic effect using vermiculite as media with a bacterial biofilm of Arthrobacter sp. for biodegradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
- Wen ZD1, Wu WM2, Ren NQ3, Gao DW4.
- Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Mar 5;304:118-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.060. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
- Vermiculite is one of matrix material used for constructed wetland (CW) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Arthrobacter sp. strain C21 (CGMCC No. 7671), isolated from a constructed wetland receiving municipal wastewater, forms biofilm on the surface of vermiculite. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalat
- PMID 26547620
- Complete genome sequence of Arthrobacter alpinus ERGS4:06, a yellow pigmented bacterium tolerant to cold and radiations isolated from Sikkim Himalaya.
- Kumar R1, Singh D2, Swarnkar MK3, Singh AK3, Kumar S3.
- Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2016 Feb 20;220:86-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.016. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
- Arthrobacter alpinus ERGS4:06, a yellow pigmented bacterium which exhibited tolerance to cold and UV radiations was isolated from the glacial stream of East Rathong glacier in Sikkim Himalaya. Here we report the 4.3Mb complete genome assembly that has provided the basis for potential role of pigment
- PMID 26806489
- Complete genome sequence of an aromatic compound degrader Arthrobacter sp. YC-RL1.
- Ren L1, Jia Y1, Ruth N1, Zhao B1, Yan Y2.
- Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2016 Feb 10;219:34-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.008. Epub 2015 Dec 15.
- Arthrobacter sp. YC-RL1, isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil, is capable of degrading and utilizing a wide range of aromatic compounds for growth. Here we report the complete genome sequence of strain YC-RL1, which may facilitate the investigation of environmental bioremediation and provide
- PMID 26699229
Japanese Journal
- 皮膚ガス測定および鼻腔内微生物検査に基づくPATMに関する考察
- 〔報文〕石人山古墳装飾石棺表面に形成した着生生物群集の構造解析
- Purification and characterization of D-allulose 3-epimerase derived from Arthrobacter globiformis M30, a GRAS microorganism
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 123(2), 170-176, 2017-02
- NAID 40021112434
Related Links
- Description and Significance Arthrobacter are your basic soil bacteria, but have been found to perform several important functions as we continue to poison the earth with various nasty chemicals. Recently, it has been discovered that ...
- Arthrobacter (from the Greek, "jointed small stick”) is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary ...
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