Apidae

ミツバチ科

• ツバチ科

関

Apis、bee

　

WordNet

1. honeybees; carpenter bees; bumblebees (同)family Apidae
2. any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species
3. a social gathering to carry out some communal task or to hold competitions
4. type genus of the Apidae: honeybees (同)genus Apis

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『はち』,(特に)みつばち(honeybee) / 《米話》(趣味・仕事上の)集会,集い / (親善のための)競技会 / 働き者

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/29 09:16:21」(JST)

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Apidae
Xylocopa micans (a carpenter bee), on a Vitex species flower
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Superfamily:	Apoidea
Clade:	Anthophila
Family:	Apidae
Type genus
Apis
Subfamilies
Apinae Honey bees, bumblebees, stingless bees, orchid bees and others Nomadinae Cuckoo bees Xylocopinae Carpenter bees

The Apidae are a large family of bees, comprising the common honey bees, stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, bumblebees, and various other less well-known tribes and groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.

Taxonomy

The family Apidae presently includes all the genera previously classified in the families Anthophoridae and Ctenoplectridae. Most of these are solitary species, though a few are also cleptoparasites.

The four groups that were subfamilies in the old family Apidae are presently ranked as tribes within the subfamily Apinae. This trend has been taken to its extreme in a few recent classifications that place all the existing bee families together under the name "Apidae" (or, alternatively, the non-Linnaean clade "Anthophila"), but this is not a widely accepted practice.

Subfamilies

Amegilla cingulata—a subfamily Apinae digger bee species, of Australian blue banded bees, approaching tomato flower

Apinae

• Apinae: honey bees, bumblebees, stingless bees, orchid bees, digger bees, and 14 others.

The subfamily Apinae contains a diversity of 15 tribe lineages, the majority of which are solitary and whose nests are simple burrows in the soil.

However, honey bees, stingless bees, and bumblebees are eusocial or colonial. They are sometimes believed to have each developed this independently, and show notable differences in such characteristics as communication between workers and methods of nest construction.

Tribes include:

• Anthophorini
• Apini
• Bombini
• Centridini
• Emphorini—(Subtribe Ancyloscelidina; Subtribe Emphorina)
• Ericrocidini
• Eucerini
• Euglossini
• Exomalopsini
• Melectini
• Meliponini
• Osirini
• Protepeolini

Nomadinae

Subfamily Nomadinae cuckoo bee species, on flower.

The subfamily Nomadinae, or cuckoo bees, has 31 genera in 10 tribes which are all cleptoparasites in the nests of other bees.

Tribes include:

• Ammobatini
• Ammobatoidini
• Biastini
• Brachynomadini
• Epeolini—(Subtribe Epeolina; Subtribe Odyneropsina; Subtribe Thalestriina)
• Hexepeolini
• Neolarrini
• Nomadini
• Townsendiellini

Xylocopinae

Xylocopa violacea—a subfamily Xylocopinae carpenter bee, on flower.

The subfamily Xylocopinae, which includes carpenter bees, are mostly solitary, though they tend to be gregarious. Some tribe lineages, such as the Allodapini, contain eusocial species.

Most members of this subfamily make nests in plant stems or wood.

Tribes include:

• Allodapini
• Ceratinini
• Manueliini
• Xylocopini

See also

• Bee (mythology)
• List of crop plants pollinated by bees

References

• Arnett, R. H. Jr. (2000) Segunda edición. American insects. CRC Press, Boca Ratón, Londres, New York, Washington, D. C. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9
• Borror, D. J., DeLong, D. M., Triplehorn, C. A.(1976) cuarta edición. An introduction to the study of insects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. New York, Chicago. ISBN 0-03-088406-3
• Mitchell, T.B. (1962). Bees of the Eastern United States, Volumen II. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Tech. Bul. No.152, 557 p.

External links

• BugGuide.Net: Family Apidae—Cuckoo, Carpenter, Digger, Bumble, and Honey Bees; and other bees .
• BugGuide.net: Native Bees of North America

UpToDate Contents

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• 3. ハチ毒アレルギーの診断 diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy

English Journal

• Occurrence of agrochemical residues in beeswax samples collected in Italy during 2013-2015.

• Perugini M1, Tulini SMR2, Zezza D2, Fenucci S3, Conte A4, Amorena M2.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2018 Jun 1;625:470-476. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.321. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
• PMID 29291561

• Interactions between immunotoxicants and parasite stress: Implications for host health.

• Booton RD1, Yamaguchi R2, Marshall JAR3, Childs DZ4, Iwasa Y5.
• Journal of theoretical biology.J Theor Biol.2018 May 14;445:120-127. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.02.018. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
• PMID 29474856

• Capabilities and limitations of handheld Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for the analysis of colourants and binders in 20th-century reverse paintings on glass.

• Steger S1, Stege H2, Bretz S3, Hahn O4.
• Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2018 Apr 15;195:103-112. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.057. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
• PMID 29414566

Japanese Journal

• 真社会性インドアリハナバチにおける娘バチの母巣からの分散過程

• ホシザキグリーン財団研究報告 (18), 111-128, 2015-03
• NAID 40020475243

• Changes of RNA virus infection rates and gut microbiota in young worker Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of a chalkbrood-infected colony after a pollination task in a greenhouse

• Applied entomology and zoology 49(3), 395-402, 2014-08
• NAID 40020169409

• トゲアシツヤハナバチの巣内行動と人為的に誘起した複メス巣

• ホシザキグリーン財団研究報告 (17), 59-85, 2014-03
• NAID 40020083072

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「bee」「Apis」「ミツバチ科」

「bee」

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ミツバチ

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Apidae、Apis、Apis mellifera、honeybee

　 　 　

「Apis」

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ミツバチ属、アピス属、Apis属

関

Apidae、bee

　

「ミツバチ科」

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ラ

Apidae

関

ミツバチ、ミツバチ属