関: hermit crab

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/19 03:06:16」(JST)

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Anomura (sometimes Anomala) is a group of decapod crustaceans, including hermit crabs and others. Although the names of many anomurans includes the word crab, all true crabs are in the sister group to the Anomura, the Brachyura (the two groups together form the clade Meiura).^[1]

Description

The name Anomura derives from an old classification in which reptant decapods were divided into Macrura (long-tailed), Brachyura (short-tailed) and Anomura (differently-tailed). The alternative name Anomala reflects the unusual variety of forms in this group; whereas all crabs share some obvious similarities, the various groups of anomurans are quite dissimilar.^[2]

The group has been moulded by several instances of carcinisation – the development of a crab-like body form.^[3] Thus, the king crabs (Lithodidae), porcelain crabs (Porcellanidae) and hairy stone crab (Lomisidae) are all separate instances of carcinisation.^[3]

As decapods (meaning ten-legged), anomurans have ten pereiopods, but the last pair of these is reduced in size, and often hidden inside the gill chamber (under the carapace) to be used for cleaning the gills.^[4]^[2] Since this arrangement is very rare in true crabs (for example, the small family Hexapodidae),^[5] a "crab" with only eight visible pereiopods is generally an anomuran.^[2]

There is wide acceptance from morphological and molecular data that Anomura and Brachyura (true crabs) are sister taxa, together making up the clade Meiura.^[3]

Classification

The infraorder Anomura is divided into nine superfamilies:^[6]^[7]^[8]

Superfamily	Members	Families	Photo
Aegloidea	Aegla	Aeglidae
Chirostyloidea	squat lobsters	Chirostylidae Eumunididae Kiwaidae	Eumunida picta
† Eocarcinoidea	† Eocarcinus † Platykotta	† Eocarcinidae † Platykottidae
Galatheoidea	squat lobsters porcelain crabs	Galatheidae Munididae Munidopsidae Porcellanidae † Retrorsichelidae	Munidopsis serricornis (Munidopsidae)
Hippoidea	mole crabs or sand crabs	Albuneidae Blepharipodidae Hippidae	Blepharipoda occidentalis (Blepharipodidae)
Lithodoidea	king crabs	Hapalogastridae Lithodidae	Lithodes santolla (Lithodidae)
Lomisoidea	hairy stone crab	Lomisidae
Paguroidea	hermit crabs coconut crab	Coenobitidae Diogenidae Paguridae Parapaguridae Parapylochelidae Pylochelidae Pylojacquesidae	Coenobita clypeatus (Coenobitidae)

The oldest fossil attributed to Anomura is Platykotta, from the Norian–Rhaetian of the United Arab Emirates.^[7]

References

^ Gerhard Scholtz & Stefan Richter (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantian Decapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113 (3): 289–328. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00936.x.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gary Poore (2004). "Anomura – hermit crabs, porcelain crabs and squat lobsters". Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 215–287. ISBN 978-0-643-09925-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c Shane T. Ahyong, Kareen E. Schnabel & Elizabeth W. Maas (2009). "Anomuran phylogeny: new insights from molecular data". In Joel W. Martin, Keith A. Crandall & Darryl L. Felder. Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Crustacean issues 18. CRC Press. pp. 399–414. doi:10.1201/9781420092592-c20. ISBN 978-1-4200-9258-5.
^ Jonas Keiler & Stefan Richter (2011). "Morphological diversity of setae on the grooming legs in Anomala (Decapoda: Reptantia) revealed by scanning electron microscopy". Zoologischer Anzeiger 250 (4): 343–366. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2011.04.004.
^ Carrie E. Schweitzer & Rodney M. Feldmann (2001). "Differentiation of the fossil Hexapodidae Miers, 1886 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from similar forms" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology 75 (2): 330–345. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0330:DOTFHM>2.0.CO;2.
^ Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109.
^ ^a ^b Jérôme Chablais, Rodney M. Feldmann & Carrie E. Schweitzer (2011). "A new Triassic decapod, Platykotta akaina, from the Arabian shelf of the northern United Arab Emirates: earliest occurrence of the Anomura" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85: 93–102. doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0080-y.
^ K. E. Schnabel, S. T. Ahyong & E. W. Maas (2011). "Galatheoidea are not monophyletic – molecular and morphological phylogeny of the squat lobsters (Decapoda: Anomura) with recognition of a new superfamily". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58 (2): 157–168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.011. PMID 21095236.

External links

	Crustaceans portal
	Arthropods portal

Media related to Anomura at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Anomura at Wikispecies

English Journal

Galatheid and chirostylid crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) from a cold seep environment in the northeastern South China Sea.

Dong D1, Li X2.
Zootaxa.Zootaxa.2015 Dec 9;4057(1):91-105. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.5.
Six species of squat lobsters from a cold seep field in the northeastern South China Sea are studied. Two new species, Uroptychus jiaolongae n. sp. and U. spinulosus n. sp., are described, and their distinctions from the related species are detailed. Two species, Munidopsis tuberosa Osawa, Lin &
PMID 26701467

A new strikingly-colored species of the genus Galathea Fabricius, 1793 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

Osawa M1.
Zootaxa.Zootaxa.2015 Nov 6;4039(4):591-8. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4039.4.9.
A new shallow-water squat lobster, Galathea ryuguu, is described on the basis of material obtained from a colony of unidentified sea fan of the genus Muricella Verrill, 1868. The new species is most closely allied to G. squamea Baba, 1979, but is distinguished by the ornamentation and armature of th
PMID 26624645

Annotated checklist of the decapod crustaceans of the Gulf of Oman, northwestern Indian Ocean.

Naderloo R1, Ebrahimnezhad S2, Sari A2.
Zootaxa.Zootaxa.2015 Oct 9;4028(3):397-412. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.3.5.
The decapod crustaceans of the Gulf of Oman have been documented based on the published literature and new sampling along the Iranian coast between 2005 and 2015. A total of 121 species were collected along the Iranian coast, of which 43 are new records for the Gulf of Oman. The Decapoda of the Gulf
PMID 26624317

Japanese Journal

Behavioral trade-off on shell exchange and exploration of the white spotwrist hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis (Crustacea, Anomura, Paguridae)

Crustacean Research (44), 55-66, 2015-12
NAID 40020674247

Regeneration of major cheliped after the mating season in the hermit crab Pagurus middendorffii

Crustacean Research (44), 29-38, 2015-12
NAID 40020674213

Spatial distribution, population structure and diel changes in pre-feeding posture of Hippa marmorata (Decapoda: Anomura: Hippoidea) on sandy beaches of Iriomote-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, in the Western Pacific Ocean

Crustacean Research (44), 1-9, 2015-12
NAID 40020674174

Related Pictures

Palaeos Arthropods: Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura Anomura - Wikipedia Species New to Science: [Crustacea • 2017] Systematics and Biogeography of Cuban Empty Hermit Crab Shell | www.imgkid.com - The Image Kid Has It! Anomura; Hermit Crab; Pagurus; Paralithodes Squat lobster - Wikipedia Infraorder: Anomura

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「曲尾類」「hermit crab」

「曲尾類」

Anomura; Temporal range: Norian–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	The hermit crab Dardanus megistos
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Crustacea
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Anomura; Macleay, 1838
Superfamilies
	Aegloidea; Chirostyloidea; † Eocarcinoidea; Galatheoidea; Hippoidea; Lithodoidea; Lomisoidea; Paguroidea;

　　[★]

ラ: Anomura
関: ヤドカリ

「hermit crab」

　　[★]

ヤドカリ

関: Anomura

[1] Gerhard Scholtz & Stefan Richter (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantian Decapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113 (3): 289–328. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00936.x.

[Poore-2] Gary Poore (2004). "Anomura – hermit crabs, porcelain crabs and squat lobsters". Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 215–287. ISBN 978-0-643-09925-8.

[Ahyong-3] Shane T. Ahyong, Kareen E. Schnabel & Elizabeth W. Maas (2009). "Anomuran phylogeny: new insights from molecular data". In Joel W. Martin, Keith A. Crandall & Darryl L. Felder. Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Crustacean issues 18. CRC Press. pp. 399–414. doi:10.1201/9781420092592-c20. ISBN 978-1-4200-9258-5.

[4] Jonas Keiler & Stefan Richter (2011). "Morphological diversity of setae on the grooming legs in Anomala (Decapoda: Reptantia) revealed by scanning electron microscopy". Zoologischer Anzeiger 250 (4): 343–366. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2011.04.004.

[S.26F-5] Carrie E. Schweitzer & Rodney M. Feldmann (2001). "Differentiation of the fossil Hexapodidae Miers, 1886 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from similar forms" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology 75 (2): 330–345. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0330:DOTFHM>2.0.CO;2.

[Grave-6] Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109.

[Chablais-7] Jérôme Chablais, Rodney M. Feldmann & Carrie E. Schweitzer (2011). "A new Triassic decapod, Platykotta akaina, from the Arabian shelf of the northern United Arab Emirates: earliest occurrence of the Anomura" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85: 93–102. doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0080-y.

[Schnabel-8] K. E. Schnabel, S. T. Ahyong & E. W. Maas (2011). "Galatheoidea are not monophyletic – molecular and morphological phylogeny of the squat lobsters (Decapoda: Anomura) with recognition of a new superfamily". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58 (2): 157–168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.011. PMID 21095236.

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案内

Anomura