WordNet

small genus of east Asian and Chinese trees with odd-pinnate leaves and long twisted samaras
any of several deciduous Asian trees of the genus Ailanthus

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ニワウルシ(羽状の葉と緑色の小さな花を咲かせる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/04 04:42:28」(JST)

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Ailanthus (/əˈlænθəs/;^[1] derived from ailanto, an Ambonese word probably meaning "tree of the gods" or "tree of heaven")^[2] is a genus of trees belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, in the order Sapindales (formerly Rutales or Geraniales). The genus is native from east Asia south to northern Australasia.

Selected species

Ailanthus altissima, male flowers

The number of living species is disputed, with some authorities accepting up to ten species, while others accept six or fewer. Species include:

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Tree of Heaven, syn. A. vilmoriniana Dode^[3]) – northern and central mainland China, Taiwan, considered invasive in North America, Britain and Australia. Serves as central metaphor in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ^[4]^[5]
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. – India and Sri Lanka
Ailanthus fordii Noot. – China
Ailanthus integrifolia Lam. – New Guinea and Queensland, Australia
Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston (White siris syn. A. malabarica^[6]) – India, SE Asia and Australia.
Ailanthus vietnamensis H.V.Sam & Noot. – Vietnam

There is a good fossil record of Ailanthus with many species names based on their geographic occurrence, but almost all of these have very similar morphology and have been grouped as a single species among the three species recognized:^[7]

Ailanthus tardensis Hably – From a single locality in Hungary
Ailanthus confucii Unger – Tertiary period, Europe, Asia, and North America
Ailanthus gigas Unger – From a single locality in Slovenia
Ailanthus pythii Unger – Known from the Miocene of Iceland, Styria in Austria and the Gavdos Island in Greece

Ailanthus silk moth

A silk spinning moth, the Ailanthus silkmoth (Samia cynthia), lives on Ailanthus leaves, and yields a silk more durable and cheaper than mulberry silk, but inferior to it in fineness and gloss. This moth has been introduced to the eastern United States and is common near many towns; it is about 12 cm across, with angulated wings, and in colour olive brown, with white markings.^[2] Other Lepidoptera whose larvae feed on Ailanthus include Endoclita malabaricus.

References

^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
^ ^a ^b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ailanthus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 437.
^ "The Plant List - Ailanthus vilmoriniana".
^ Peter Brown; Dr. Helen Roy (23 March 2010). "Invasive species of Oxfordshire". BBC Oxford. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
^ "National Invasive Species Information Center (NISIC): Gateway to invasive species information; covering Federal, State, local, and international sources".
^ "The Plant List - Ailanthus malabarica".
^ Corbett, S.L.; Manchester, S.R. (2004). "Phytogeography and Fossil History of Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 165 (4): 671–690. doi:10.1086/386378. JSTOR 10.1086/386378.

"Ailanthus Desf". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Ailanthus
Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group: Least Wanted

In line 12 of his poem 'Dry Salvages' T.S.Eliot refers to 'in the rank ailanthus of the April dooryard' alluding to Walt Whitman's poem 'When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom'd' which itself refers to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

English Journal

Constituents of the stem barks of Ailanthus altissima and their potential to inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production.

Kim HM1, Kim SJ1, Kim HY2, Ryu B2, Kwak H2, Hur J3, Choi JH4, Jang DS5.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Mar 1;25(5):1023-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.034. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
Three new canthinone type alkaloids, canthin-6-one-1-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), canthin-6-one-1-O-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) and canthin-6-one-1-O-[2-β-d-apiofuranosyl-6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) were isolat
PMID 25666824

Heat shock, visible light or high calcium augment the cytotoxic effects of Ailanthus altissima (Swingle) leaf extracts against Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

Popa CV1, Lungu L, Cristache LF, Ciuculescu C, Danet AF, Farcasanu IC.
Natural product research.Nat Prod Res.2015 Jan 14:1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
To gain new insight into the antimicrobial potential of Ailanthus altissima Swingle, ethanol leaf extracts were evaluated for the antifungal effects against the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. The extracts inhibited the yeast growth in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect could be augmented
PMID 25587627

New malabaricane triterpenes from the oleoresin of Ailanthus malabarica.

Achanta PS1, Gattu RK1, Belvotagi AR1, Akkinepally RR1, Bobbala RK1, Achanta AR2.
Fitoterapia.Fitoterapia.2015 Jan;100:166-73. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.022. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Ten malabaricane type triterpenes were isolated from the oleoresin of Ailanthus malabarica, out of which six (1-6) were new. For three of the known compounds (7-9), NMR assignments are being reported for the first time. Compound 10, a known one, is a new report from this source. The structures were
PMID 25481374

Japanese Journal

河川敷の自然公園における刈取りと火入れ攪乱後のニワウルシ(Ailanthus altissima)のシュート回復

植生学会誌 = Vegetation science 33(2), 81-87, 2016-12
NAID 40021058659

神樹に宿る神！？：アイラントンの抗肝がん作用とその機序

ファルマシア 52(5), 440-440, 2016
NAID 130005149136

ニホンジカ高密度生息地域の森林伐採跡地に分布する外来木本ニワウルシ群落の種組成と構造

植生学会誌 : vegetation science 31(2), 165-178, 2014-12-25
NAID 110009911082

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ニワウルシ属」「アイランタス属」
拡張検索	「Ailanthus属」

「ニワウルシ属」

Ailanthus
	Ailanthus altissima leaf and fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Simaroubaceae
Genus:	Ailanthus; Desf.
Species
	See text

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ラ: Ailanthus
関: Ailanthus属、アイランタス属

「アイランタス属」

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ラ: Ailanthus
関: ニワウルシ属、Ailanthus属

「Ailanthus属」

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ラ: Ailanthus
関: ニワウルシ属、アイランタス属

[1] Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607

[EB1911-2] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ailanthus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 437.

[3] "The Plant List - Ailanthus vilmoriniana".

[4] Peter Brown; Dr. Helen Roy (23 March 2010). "Invasive species of Oxfordshire". BBC Oxford. Retrieved 9 August 2010.

[5] "National Invasive Species Information Center (NISIC): Gateway to invasive species information; covering Federal, State, local, and international sources".

[6] "The Plant List - Ailanthus malabarica".

[7] Corbett, S.L.; Manchester, S.R. (2004). "Phytogeography and Fossil History of Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 165 (4): 671–690. doi:10.1086/386378. JSTOR 10.1086/386378.

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案内

Ailanthus