WordNet

inflammation of the cornea causing watery painful eyes and blurred vision

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/27 00:17:07」(JST)

wiki en

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare disease in which amoebae invade the cornea of the eye. It may result in permanent visual impairment or blindness.^[1]^[2]

Causes[edit source | edit]

In the United States, it is nearly always associated with contact lens use, as Acanthamoeba can survive in the space between the lens and the eye.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] For this reason, contact lenses must be properly disinfected before wearing, and should be removed when swimming or surfing.

However, elsewhere in the world, many cases of Acanthamoeba present in non-contact lens wearers.^[7]^[8]

Diagnosis[edit source | edit]

To detect Acanthamoeba on a contact lens in a laboratory, a sheep blood agar plate with a layer (a lawn) of E. coli is made. Part of the contact lens is placed on the agar plate. If Acanthamoeba are present, they will ingest the bacteria, leaving a clear patch on the plate around the area of the lens. Polymerase chain reaction can also be used to confirm a diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis, especially when contact lenses are not involved. Acanthameoba is also characterized by a brawny edema and hazy view into the anterior chamber. Late stages of the disease also produces a ring shaped corneal ulcer.^[9]

Presentation[edit source | edit]

Signs and symptoms include severe pain, severe keratitis (similar to stromal herpetic disease), corneal perineuritis, and ring ulcer (late in the disease process).

Treatment[edit source | edit]

One treatment used is PHMB.^[10]

Propamidine isethionate has also shown some effectiveness.^[11]

Another possible agent is chlorhexidine.^[12]

Keratoplasty may sometimes be required.^[11]

A combined regimen of propamidine, miconazole nitrate, and neomycin has also been suggested.^[13]

^[14]

External links[edit source | edit]

Acanthamoeba keratitis - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Millions of contact lens users are at risk of eye-devouring amoeba
Animal Planet - Monsters Inside Me: The Eye-Eating Parasite (video)
BaHammam AS. Sleep from an Islamic perspective. Ann Thorac Med 2011;6:187-92

References[edit source | edit]

^ Anna Hodgekiss (2012-08-20). "I swam with my contact lenses in - now I'm blind in one eye | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
^ "CDC - Acanthamoeba Infection - General Information - Acanthamoeba Keratitis FAQs". Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
^ Auran, JD; Starr MB, Jakobiec FA (1987). "Acanthamoeba keratitis. A review of the literature". Cornea 6 (1): 2–26. doi:10.1097/00003226-198706010-00002. PMID 3556011. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ JOHN D.T. (1993) Opportunistically pathogenic free-living amebae. In: J.P. Kreier and J.R. Baker (Eds.), Parasitic Protozoa. Vol. 3. Academic Press, New York, pp. 143–246.
^ Badenoch, PR; Adams M, Coster DJ (February 1995). "Corneal virulence, cytopathic effect on human keratocytes and genetic characterization of Acanthamoeba". International Journal for Parasitology 25 (2): 229–39. doi:10.1016/0020-7519(94)00075-Y. PMID 7622330. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Niederkorn, JY; Alizadeh H, Leher H, McCulley JP (May 1999). "The pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba keratitis". Microbes and Infection 1 (6): 437–43. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(99)80047-1. PMID 10602676. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Sharma, S; Garg, P; Rao, GN (2000). "Patient characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis.". The British journal of ophthalmology 84 (10): 1103–8. doi:10.1136/bjo.84.10.1103. PMC 1723254. PMID 11004092.
^ Bharathi JM, Srinivasan M, Ramakrishnan R, Meenakshi R, Padmavathy S, Lalitha PN (2007). "A study of the spectrum of Acanthamoeba keratitis: a three-year study at a tertiary eye care referral center in South India". Indian J Ophthalmol 55 (1): 37–42. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.29493. PMID 17189885.
^ Pasricha, Gunisha; Savitri Sharma, Prashant Garg, Ramesh K. Aggarwal (July 2003). "Use of 18S rRNA Gene-Based PCR Assay for Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis in Non-Contact Lens Wearers in India". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41 (7): 3206–3211. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.7.3206-3211.2003. PMC 165372. PMID 12843065.
^ Sharma S, Garg P, Rao GN (October 2000). "Patient characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis". Br J Ophthalmol 84 (10): 1103–8. doi:10.1136/bjo.84.10.1103. PMC 1723254. PMID 11004092.
^ ^a ^b Lindsay RG, Watters G, Johnson R, Ormonde SE, Snibson GR (September 2007). "Acanthamoeba keratitis and contact lens wear". Clin Exp Optom 90 (5): 351–60. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00172.x. PMID 17697181.
^ Hammersmith KM (August 2006). "Diagnosis and management of Acanthamoeba keratitis". Curr Opin Ophthalmol 17 (4): 327–31. doi:10.1097/01.icu.0000233949.56229.7d. PMID 16900022.
^ "Acanthamoeba: Treatment & Medication - eMedicine Infectious Diseases". Retrieved 2009-02-27.
^ S. Singh and M. P. Sachdeva (1994 July 23). "Acanthamoeba keratitis". BMJ 309 (6949): 273. PMC 2540756. Retrieved 2013-08-02.

BaHammam AS. Sleep from an Islamic perspective. Ann Thorac Med 2011;6:187-92

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 自由生活性アメーバおよびプロトテカ free living amebas and prototheca
2. コンタクトレンズの合併症 complications of contact lenses
3. コンタクトレンズの概要 overview of contact lenses
4. フサリウム感染の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of fusarium infection
5. 単純ヘルペス性角膜炎 herpes simplex keratitis

English Journal

Acanthamoeba and Fusarium interactions: A possible problem in keratitis.

Nunes TE1, Brazil NT2, Fuentefria AM1, Rott MB3.
Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2016 May;157:102-7. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
The incidence of Acanthamoeba and Fusarium species has increased in contact lens-related infectious keratitis. They share several environments and cases of co-infection have been reported. The interaction between the amoebae and other microorganisms may result in significant changes for both, like i
PMID 26851515

Determination of cytotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine herbs, Rhizoma coptidis, Radix scutellariae, and Cortex phellodendri, by three methods.

Boost M1, Yau P2, Yap M3, Cho P3.
Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association.Cont Lens Anterior Eye.2016 Apr;39(2):128-32. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.09.003. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
BACKGROUND: Many herbs are used in traditional Chinese medicine TCM) for treatment of infections but their properties, in particular, their effects on normal cells have received little attention. This study investigated the cytotoxic properties of three TCM herbs with potential use in prevention and
PMID 26421730

Detection of Balamuthia mandrillaris DNA in the storage case of contact lenses in Germany.

Balczun C1,2, Scheid PL3,4.
Parasitology research.Parasitol Res.2016 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Acanthamoeba spp. are frequently the etiological agents of a severe form of sight-threatening keratitis, called Acanthamoeba keratitis. The contact lens storage solution of a patient with keratitis of unknown genesis was screened using our diagnostic tools to detect potentially pathogenic free-livin
PMID 26965426