WordNet
- a wheeled vehicle drawn by one or more horses
- write a legal document or paper; "The deed was drawn in the lawyers office"
- cause to localize at one point; "Draw blood and pus"
- flatten, stretch, or mold metal or glass, by rolling or by pulling it through a die or by stretching; "draw steel"
- steep; pass through a strainer; "draw pulp from the fruit"
- (American football) the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage (同)draw play
- poker in which a player can discard cards and receive substitutes from the dealer; "he played only draw and stud" (同)draw poker
- the act of drawing or hauling something; "the haul up the hill went very slowly" (同)haul, haulage
- anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random; "the luck of the draw"; "they drew lots for it" (同)lot
- a playing card or cards dealt or taken from the pack; "he got a pair of kings in the draw"
- the finish of a contest in which the score is tied and the winner is undecided; "the game ended in a draw"; "their record was 3 wins, 6 losses and a tie" (同)standoff, tie
- a gully that is shallower than a ravine
- choose at random; "draw a card"; "cast lots" (同)cast
- earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher; "He drew a base on balls" (同)get
- make, formulate, or derive in the mind; "I draw a line here"; "draw a conclusion"; "draw parallels"; "make an estimate"; "What do you make of his remarks?" (同)make
- bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover; "draw a weapon"; "pull out a gun"; "The mugger pulled a knife on his victim" (同)pull, pull_out, get_out, take_out
- pull (a person) apart with four horses tied to his extremities, so as to execute him; "in the old days, people were drawn and quartered for certain crimes" (同)quarter, draw and quarter
- take liquid out of a container or well; "She drew water from the barrel" (同)take_out
- allow a draft; "This chimney draws very well"
- bring or lead someone to a certain action or condition; "She was drawn to despair"; "The President refused to be drawn into delivering an ultimatum"; "The session was drawn to a close"
- cause to flow; "The nurse drew blood"
- contract; "The material drew after it was washed in hot water"
- elicit responses, such as objections, criticism, applause, etc.; "The Presidents comments drew sharp criticism from the Republicans"; "The comedian drew a lot of laughter"
- engage in drawing; "He spent the day drawing in the garden"
- move or go steadily or gradually; "The ship drew near the shore"
- move or pull so as to cover or uncover something; "draw the shades"; "draw the curtains"
- reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die; "draw wire"
- represent by making a drawing of, as with a pencil, chalk, etc. on a surface; "She drew an elephant"; "Draw me a horse"
- require a specified depth for floating; "This boat draws 70 inches"
- select or take in from a given group or region; "The participants in the experiment were drawn from a representative population"
- the creation of artistic pictures or diagrams; "he learned drawing from his father" (同)draftsmanship, drafting
- act of getting or draining something such as electricity or a liquid from a source; "the drawing of water from the well" (同)drawing off
- a representation of forms or objects on a surface by means of lines; "drawings of abstract forms"; "he did complicated pen-and-ink drawings like medieval miniatures"
- an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper; "it is shown by the drawing in Fig. 7"
- any substance that facilitates the use of a drug or pigment or other material that is mixed with it
- a conveyance that transports people or objects
- a medium for the expression or achievement of something; "his editorials provided a vehicle for his political views"; "a congregation is a vehicle of group identity"; "the play was just a vehicle to display her talents"
- provide with a horse or horses
- solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times (同)Equus_caballus
- a padded gymnastic apparatus on legs (同)gymnastic horse
- having the curtains or draperies closed or pulled shut; "the drawn draperies kept direct sunlight from fading the rug"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- …‘を'『引く』,引っぱる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『引いて』(ある状態に)『する』 / (…から)…‘を'『引き抜く』,取り出す《+『名』+『from』(『out of』)+『名』》 / (…から)〈液体など〉‘を'『くみ出す』,くみ上げる《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (…から)…‘を'得る,引き出す《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 〈事〉‘を'招く,もたらす / 〈人〉‘を'引きつける,引き寄せる / 〈絵・図〉‘を'『線で描く』,〈線〉‘を'引く / …‘を'描写する,述べる / 〈文書〉‘を'書く,作成する;〈小切手〉‘を'振り出す / 〈息〉‘を'吸い込む;〈ため息〉‘を'つく / …‘を'引き伸ばす,いっぱいに張る / 〈くじなど〉‘を'引く,引き当てる / 〈勝負など〉‘を'引き分ける / 喫水が…‘だけ'ある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『動く』,『近づく』,行く / (…に向けて)剣(ピストル)を抜く《+『on』+『名』》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》人を引き付ける / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『線で書く』 / くじを引く / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈水が〉はける,〈パイプ・煙突などが〉通る / (勝負などが)引き分けになる / 〈茶などが〉出る / 〈船が〉喫水する / 引くこと,抜くこと,(たばこなどの)一吸い,一服 / (人を)引きつけるもの,呼び物,人気者 / くじ引き,抽せん(lot) / 引き分け,無勝負
- 〈U〉『線で描くこと』,線描 / 〈C〉(鉛筆・ペン・クレヨンなどによる)『絵』,『スケッチ』,デザイン,製図 / 〈U〉線画(デッサン)の技法 / 〈C〉くじ引き,抽選
- 〈C〉(車・そりなどの)『乗り物』,車;運搬具 / 〈C〉(思想・感情・情報などの)伝達手段,媒介物;(…の)表現自段《+for(of)+名(doing)》 / 〈U〉展色剤(絵の具を延ばす水・油など)
- 〈C〉『馬』,(特に成長した)雄馬 / =vaulting horse / 〈C〉(物を載せたり,支えたりする)脚付き枠(台など),掛け台,のこひき台,きゃたつ / 〈U〉《集合的に;複数扱い》騎兵,騎兵隊 / 〈人〉‘を'馬に乗せる;〈馬車〉‘に'をつける
- drawの過去分詞 / 緊張した,こわばった / (鳥などの)はらわたを抜いた / (剣などが)さやから抜かれた,抜き身の / (勝負が)引き分けの
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/03/30 14:56:43」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
A
horse tram (horsecar) in Danzig, Germany (present day Gdańsk, Poland)
A horse-drawn vehicle is a mechanized piece of equipment pulled by one horse or by a team of horses. These vehicles typically had two or four wheels and were used to carry passengers and/or a load. They were once common worldwide, but they have mostly been replaced by automobiles and other forms of self-propelled transport.
Contents
- 1 General
- 2 Vehicles primarily for carrying people
- 2.1 Road
- 2.2 Railway
- 2.3 Waterway
- 3 Vehicles primarily for carrying goods
- 3.1 Road
- 3.2 Railway
- 3.3 Waterway
- 4 Agricultural and other implements
- 5 War vehicles
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 External links
General
Petroglyph of a chariot in
Parco nazionale delle incisioni rupestri di Naquane, Capo di Ponte.
A two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle is a cart (see various types below, both for carrying people and for goods). Four-wheeled vehicles have many names – one for heavy loads is most commonly called a wagon.
Very light carts and wagons can also be pulled by donkeys (much smaller than horses), ponies or mules. Other smaller animals are occasionally used, such as large dogs, llamas and goats (see draught animals).
Heavy wagons, carts and agricultural implements can also be pulled by other large draught animals such as oxen, water buffalo, yaks or even camels and elephants.
Vehicles pulled by one animal (or by animals in tandem – single file) have two shafts which attach either side of the rearmost animal (the wheel animal or wheeler). Vehicles pulled by a pair (or by a team of several pairs) have a pole which attaches between the wheel pair. Other arrangements are also possible, for example three or more abreast (a troika), a wheel pair with a single lead animal (a "unicorn"), or a wheel pair with three lead animals abreast (a "pickaxe"). Very heavy loads sometimes had an additional team behind to slow the vehicle down steep hills. Sometimes at a steep hill with frequent traffic such a team would be hired to passing wagons to help them up or down the hill.
Two-wheeled vehicles are balanced by the distribution of weight of the load (driver, passengers and goods) over the axle, and then held level by the animal – this means that the shafts (or sometimes a pole for two animals) must be fixed rigidly to the vehicle's body. Four-wheeled vehicles remain level on their own, and so the shafts or pole are hinged vertically, allowing them to rise and fall with the movement of the animals. A four-wheeled vehicle is also steered by the shafts or pole, which are attached to the front axle; this swivels on a turntable or "fifth wheel" beneath the vehicle.
Vehicles primarily for carrying people
A horse and
buggy circa 1910
Road
- Ambulance: Much the same purpose as the modern sense. Details of the design varied but would be a lightly built and well-sprung, enclosed vehicle with provision for seated casualties and stretchers.
- Barouche: An elegant, high-slung, open carriage with a seat in the rear of the body and a raised bench at the front for the driver, a servant.
- Berlin
A
cab designed by Joseph Hansom.
- Brake
- Britzka
- Brougham
- Buckboard
- Bus: See omnibus
- Buggy: A light, open, four-wheeled carriage, often driven by its owner. It is an American design.
- Cab: A shortening of cabriolet. Joseph Hansom based the design of his public hire vehicle on the cabriolet so the name cab stuck to vehicles for public hire.
- Cabriolet
- Calash or Calèshe: See barouche.
- Cape cart
- Cariole
Traveling in France or Le départ de la diligence
Drawing by George Cruikshank (1818).
- Carriage: In the late eighteenth century, roughly equivalent to the modern word "vehicle" [Walker]. It later came to be restricted to "passenger vehicle" and even to "private, enclosed passenger vehicle" [Britannica]. This last is the sense adopted by the linked article.
- Carryall
- Chaise
- Charabanc
- Cidomo, a form of horse-drawn carriage popular in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia.
- Clarence
- Coach
- Coupé
- Covered wagon: The name given to canvas-topped farm wagons used by North American settlers to move both their families and household goods westward. Varieties of this wagon include the Conestoga wagon (Larger wagons able to carry large amounts of goods and primarily used on flat trails, example: Santa Fe Trail) and prairie schooner (Smaller wagons more suited for mountainous regions, example: Oregon and California Trails).
- Curricle
- Diligence: A French stagecoach. The 19th-century ones came in three sizes, La petite diligence, La grande diligence and L'impériale.
Resting coachmen at a
Fiaker (
fiacre) in Vienna
- Dog cart: A sprung cart used for transporting a gentleman, his loader, and his gun dogs.
- Dos-à-dos
- Drag (carriage)
- Droshky or Drozhki
- Equipage
- Fiacre
- Fly
- Four-in-hand coach
- Gharry
- Gig (carriage)
Irish
jaunting car, or
outside car (1890-1900)
- Gladstone
- Governess cart: A sprung cart with two inward-facing benches, high sides and entry at the back. The upper part of the body was often of wicker.
- Growler: The four-wheeled version of a hansom cab
- Hackney carriage
- Hansom cab: A one-horsed, two-wheeled, maneuverable public hire vehicle.
- Hearse
- Herdic
- Jaunting car: A sprung cart in which passengers sat back to back with their feet outboard of the wheels. An Irish design.
- Karozzin: a traditional Maltese carriage drawn by one horse or a pair
- Kid hack: A van used in the US for carrying children to and from school.
- Landau
- Limousine
- Meadowbrook (carriage)
- Omnibus
- One-horse carriage
- Outside car: See jaunting car.
A mid-19th-century engraving of a Phaeton, from a carriage-builder's catalogue
- Phaeton: An early-nineteenth-century sports car.
- Post chaise
- Ralli car: a light two wheeled sprung cart (gig) with two forward-facing and two rear-facing seats back-to-back, and a sliding fore-and-aft seat adjustment to allow the vehicle to balance with different numbers of passengers.
- Randem
- Ratha
- Rig
- Rockaway
- Sleigh: a vehicle with runners for use in snow
- Spider phaeton
- Sprung cart: A light, two-wheeled vehicle with springing, for informal passenger use. Its name varied according to the body mounted on it. See dog cart, gig, governess cart, jaunting car, and trap.
- Stagecoach: A public coach travelling in timetabled stages between stables which supply fresh horses.
Stagecoach in Switzerland
- Stanhope (carriage): A light, open, one-seated carriage: originally with two wheels, later also with four.
- State Coach: A very grand coach used for royal state occasions. For example, Gold State Coach, Irish State Coach and Scottish State Coach.
- Sulky: a very light two-wheeled cart for one person, especially used for harness racing.
- Surrey
- Tarantass or Tarantas
- Tilbury
- Training cart or training trap: A simple sprung or unsprung two-person modern cart for training a harness horse on smooth roads. Often made of steel with motorcycle wheels, and sometimes with adjustable shafts for different-sized horses.
- Trap: An open sprung cart. Often used in a general sense to cover any small passenger-carrying cart.
- Tanga / Tonga: A tanga (Hindi: टाँगा, Urdu: ٹانگہ, Bengali: টাঙ্গা) or Tonga is a light horse-drawn carriage used for transportation in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
- Troika: A sleigh drawn by three horses harnessed abreast. Occasionally, a similar wheeled vehicle.
- Vardo (gypsy wagon): A vardo is a traditional horse-drawn wagon used by English Romani Gypsies.
- Victoria: A one-horse carriage with a front-facing bench seat. The body was slung low, in front of the back axle. Driven by a servant.
- Village cart
- Vis-à-vis
- Voiturette
- Wagonette: a four-wheeled vehicle for carrying people, usually with a forward-facing seat at the front and two rows of inward-facing seats behind.
- Whim
- Whitechapel: A two-wheeled horse-drawn cart similar to a dog cart. Lightweight and versatile.
Railway
- Horsecar (also streetcar, US name, or tram, outside the US)
Waterway
- Fly boat: A canal boat which changed horses at stages and could therefore keep moving, care being taken to maximize its speed.
A basic, un-sprung
cart in Australia. In that country and in New Zealand, it is known as a
dray (but "dray" elsewhere usually means a four-wheeled wagon).
Vehicles primarily for carrying goods
Road
- Bow wagon: A simple agricultural wagon with laths bowed over the wheels in the manner of mudguards, to keep bulky loads such as straw from contact with them. An Australian design.
- Un-sprung cart: A simple two-wheeled vehicle for workaday use in carrying bulk loads. It was usually drawn by one horse.
- Chasse-marée: A four-horse adaptation of the cart principle for the rapid delivery of fish to French markets.
- Conestoga wagon: A large, curved-bottom wagon for carrying commercial or government freight. See covered wagon.
- Dray: Particularly in Australia and New Zealand, an un-sprung cart. In Britain, even in the 18th century, the name came to be associated with brewers' deliveries so that the later vehicle that was more correctly called a trolley also came to be known as a brewer's dray. These are still seen at horse shows in Britain.
- Also a sledge used for moving felled trees in the same way as the wheeled skidder. (See implements, below). It could be used in woodland, apparently with or without snow, but was useful on frozen lakes and waterways. [OED]
- Float: A light, two-wheeled domestic delivery vehicle with the centre of its axle cranked downward to allow low-loading and easy access to the goods. It was used particularly for milk delivery.
- Lorry: A low-loading platform body with four small wheels mounted underneath it. The driver's seat was mounted on the headboard.
Cheyenne family using a horse-drawn
travois, 1890
- Mail coach: A stagecoach primarily for the carriage of mail, though also carrying passengers.
- Mophrey: An un-sprung cart which could be extended forwards with the addition of front wheels. It was used by small farmers as and when dense or bulky loads were to be carried (muck-spreading and harvest). An eastern English design.
- Pantechnicon van: Originally, a van used by The Pantechnicon for delivering goods to its customers.
- Prairie schooner: The name given years later to the canvas-topped farm wagons used by North American settlers to move their families and capital goods westward. See covered wagon and Conestoga wagon.
- Telega
- Travois: A very simple sledge used for moving relatively small loads, consisting of a pair of shafts dragging on the ground.
- Trolley: Like a lorry, but with slightly larger wheels and slightly higher deck. The driver's seat was mounted on the headboard.
- Trolley and lift van: A standardized trolley and a lift van, a standardized box, designed to fit each other or any other of the same sort. The lift van was the direct counterpart of the modern container in the materials and size appropriate to its time.
- Wagon: See also twenty mule team
- Wain
A model of a 2-ton
slate wagon and load, from the Ffestiniog narrow gauge railway
Railway
- Rubbish wagon or slab wagon or slate wagon: A small, four-wheeled truck used for carrying blocks of slate out of a quarry.
- Dandy waggon: A special rail car on a gravity train used to transport the horse while coasting down a hill.
Waterway
- Broad boat: Used on the broad (14 ft) canals of Britain and towed from the tow path.
- Flatboat: A canal boat of simple box-shaped design used on nineteenth-century American waterways.
- Horse-drawn boat: A general term relating to broad or narrow canal boats for passenger or freight carriage.
- Narrowboat: Used on the narrow (7 ft) canals of Britain and towed from the tow path.
- Slow boat: A canal boat which used only one team of horses which must stop each night to rest.
A German farmer working the land with horses and
plough
Agricultural and other implements
- Calliope or Fairground organ
- Koneke noun, New Zealand - a farm vehicle with runners in front and wheels at the rear [Maori].
- Plough
- Potato spinner
- Reaper
- Reaper-binder
- Seed drill
- Skidder
Russian WWI
tachanka. Its
gun carriage is in the foreground and its
limber or
caisson beyond.
horse-powered earth moving equipment
War vehicles
- Caisson
- Chariot
- Limber
- Gun carriage
- Horse artillery
- Scythed chariot
- Tachanka
See also
- Draft horse
- Driving (horse)
- Guard stone
- Horse harness
- Naturmobil
- Types of carriages
- Wagon
References
- Encyclopædia Britannica (1960)
- Ingram, A. Horse-Drawn Vehicles Since 1760 (1977) ISBN 0-7137-0820-4
- Oxford English Dictionary (1971 & 1987) ISBN 0-19-861212-5
- Walker, J. A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language (1791)
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Horse-drawn vehicles. |
- Articles about Horse-drawn Carriages
- National Carriage Collection - Cobb and Co Museum
Authority control |
- GND: 4262083-1
- NDL: 00560554
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A HORSE-DRAWN CARRIAGE USED FOR A JOY RIDE IN INDIA.
- Mukhopadhyay P, Vinzuda V, Naik S, Karthikeyan V, Kumar P.
- Journal of human ergology.J Hum Ergol (Tokyo).2014 Jun;43(1):29-39.
- Horse-drawn carriages popularly known as Tanga in India provide a popularjoy ride. Such vehicles were selected from two cites in Central India and the other from a city in Western India, based on complaints from the users that these vehicles were not comfortable to ride. Twelve male and twelve femal
- PMID 26182669
Japanese Journal
- 牧田 光弘
- 交通・物流部門大会講演論文集 2003(12), 13-18, 2003-12-08
- … Author thinks it is undisputed fact that today's automotive is the direct descendant of horse-drawn carriage used in western countries. … On the other hand, we had used ox-drawn carriage in our medieval history. … This paper is one attempt to dig out our lost roots of wheeled vehicle from many aspects; …
- NAID 110002491134
Related Links
- A horse-drawn vehicle is a mechanized piece of equipment pulled by one horse or by a team of horses. These vehicles typically had two or four wheels and were used to carry passengers and/or a load. They were once common ...
- Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Noun 1. horse-drawn vehicle - a wheeled vehicle drawn by one or more horses carriage, equipage, rig - a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses chariot - a two ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- (p)drew-(pp)drawn
- 引く、非パル、牽引する
- (物を)引き抜く、抜き取る
- つるべでくみ上げる。(容器から液体を)出す。~から排水する。(血、膿などを)出させる、取る、(医)(パップなどが)吸い出す、(化膿を)促す
- 関
- derive、educe、elicit、pull、subtract
[★]
- (地上の輸送手段の)乗り物、車、車両。(宇宙の)輸送(運搬)船。通信(伝達)手段(媒体)、目的達成手段。(隠喩の)媒体。(画材の)展色剤、媒剤。賦形剤
[★]
ウマ
- 関
- domestic horse、donkey、equi、Equidae、equine、Equus caballus、mule、zebra
[★]
- 関
- diagram、fig、figure、plate、plot