WordNet

of or relating to or causing bacteriostasis
a chemical or biological material that inhibits bacterial growth

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/09 21:52:50」(JST)

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A bacteriostatic agent or bacteriostat, abbreviated Bstatic, is a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise. Depending on their application, bacteriostatic antibiotics, disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives can be distinguished. When bacteriostatic antimicrobials are used, the duration of therapy must be sufficient to allow host defense mechanisms to eradicate the bacteria. Upon removal of the bacteriostat, the bacteria usually start to grow again. This is in contrast to bactericides, which kill bacteria.^[1]

Bacteriostats are often used in plastics to prevent growth of bacteria on surfaces. Bacteriostats commonly used in laboratory work include sodium azide (which is acutely toxic) and thiomersal (which is a mutagen in mammalian cells).

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

Bacteriostatic antibiotics limit the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial protein production, DNA replication, or other aspects of bacterial cellular metabolism. They must work together with the immune system to remove the microorganisms from the body. However, there is not always a precise distinction between them and bactericidal antibiotics; high concentrations of some bacteriostatic agents are also bactericidal, whereas low concentrations of some bacteriocidal agents are bacteriostatic.

This group^[2] includes

Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Spectinomycin
Trimethoprim
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Clindamycin
Ethambutol
Nitrofurantoin
Novobiocin
Tigecycline
Oxazolidinone

References

^ Pankey GA, Sabath LD (March 2004). "Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections". Clin. Infect. Dis. 38 (6): 864–70. doi:10.1086/381972. PMID 14999632.
^ Shetty N, Aarons E, Andrews J (2009). "Chapter 5: General principles of antimicrobial therapy". In Andrews J, Shetty N, Tang JW. Infectious Disease: Pathogenesis, Prevention and Case Studies. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-3543-3.

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2,2'-Dithienyl diselenide pro-oxidant activity accounts for antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Pesarico AP, Sartori G, Dos Santos CF, Neto JS, Bortolotto V, Santos RC, Nogueira CW, Prigol M.SourceLaboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Conjunto I, UNIFRA, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil.
Microbiological research.Microbiol Res.2013 Nov 7;168(9):563-8. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.04.009. Epub 2013 May 14.
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Tris-EDTA significantly enhances antibiotic efficacy against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.

Buckley LM, McEwan NA, Nuttall T.SourceSchool of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
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