Percodan

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/30 02:16:55」(JST)

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Oxycodone/aspirin

Combination of
Oxycodone	Opioid analgesic
Aspirin	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Clinical data
Trade names	Percodan
AHFS/Drugs.com	percodan
License data	US FDA: Percodan
Pregnancy category	US: D (Evidence of risk)
Routes of administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	US: Schedule II
Identifiers
KEGG	D02154

Oxycodone/aspirin (trade name Percodan) is a combination drug marketed by Endo Pharmaceuticals. It is a tablet containing a mixture of 325 mg (5 grains) of aspirin and 4.8355 mg of oxycodone HCl (equivalent to 4.3346 mg of oxycodone as the free base); it is an opioid/non-opioid combination used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. The safety of the combination during pregnancy has not been established, although aspirin is generally contraindicated during pregnancy, and the drug has been placed in pregnancy category D. Inactive ingredients include D&C Yellow 10, FD&C Yellow 6, microcrystalline cellulose, and corn starch. Percodan was first marketed by DuPont Pharmaceuticals and prescribed in the United States in 1950. Once a widely prescribed painkiller, it has largely been replaced by alternative oxycodone compounds containing paracetamol (acetaminophen) instead of aspirin, such as Percocet.

Pharmacology

The oxycodone component in the combination is technically 14-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodein-6-one, a white odorless, crystalline powder which is synthesized from the opium alkaloid thebaine. Thebaine by itself has no therapeutic value. Oxycodone is metabolized into oxymorphone. Unlike morphine and like codeine, oxycodone has a good oral potency. Prior to the introduction of paracetamol, Percodan was the mainstay in post-operative oral pain treatment due to the potency and long half-life of oxycodone. It originally contained a small amount of caffeine.

The usual dose is one tablet every six hours as needed for pain. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 12 tablets.

Reformulation

Percodan was reformulated in 2005; prior to 2005, it contained two oxycodone salts—4.62 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride and 0.38 mg of oxycodone terephthalate. Since the latter salt is unusual in the pharmacopeia, the manufacturer increased the amount of oxycodone hydrochloride to 4.8355 and discontinued the oxycodone terephthalate.

Decline of use

Percodan has largely been replaced by Percocet (which is oxycodone combined with paracetamol, instead of Percodan's aspirin) and other oxycodone-containing compounds for post-operative pain. Aspirin increases prothrombin time and can result in post-operative complications, such as excessive bleeding. hydrocodone with paracetamol, has also gained favor. Hydrocodone, almost as potent as oxycodone, in combined form previously allowed refills.

In the United States, Percodan is regulated as a Schedule II controlled substance under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 1970. As of October 6th 2014, Percodan is becoming something of a relic in the United States, at least, as the number of prescriptions has fallen precipitously since the 1960s in light of the alternate drugs available containing oxycodone (Percocet, Tylox, OxyContin, Roxicodone).

Miscellaneous

The combination oxycodone/aspirin is also sold under the brand name Endodan. All products containing oxycodone (including Percodan, Percocet, OxyContin) have the potential to be habit-forming. Oxycodone can produce drug dependence of the morphine type and, therefore, has the potential for being addictive.

See also

• Vicodin
• Vicoprofen
• Percocet
• Targin
• Embeda
• Hypnorm

References

External links

• Percodan Prescribing Information from Endo Pharmaceuticals.
• Search "Percodan" in FDA Archives; shows approval in 1950.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 急性周術期疼痛のマネージメント management of acute perioperative pain

English Journal

• Non-prescribed use of pain relievers among adolescents in the United States.

• Wu LT1, Pilowsky DJ, Patkar AA.
• Drug and alcohol dependence.Drug Alcohol Depend.2008 Apr 1;94(1-3):1-11. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
• BACKGROUND: We examined gender-specific prevalences, patterns, and correlates of non-prescribed use of pain relievers - mainly opioids - in a representative sample of American adolescents (N=18,678).METHODS: Data were drawn from the public use data file of the 2005 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use a
• PMID 18054444

• Oxycontin: the concept of a "ghost pill" and the postmortem tissue distribution of oxycodone in 36 cases.

• Anderson DT1, Fritz KL, Muto JJ.
• Journal of analytical toxicology.J Anal Toxicol.2002 Oct;26(7):448-59.
• Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic opioid that is structurally similar to codeine and equipotent to morphine in producing analgesic effects. Oxycodone has been prescribed in many immediate-release formulations including Percodan, Percocet, Tylox, Roxicodone, and Toxicet. In 1995, the Food and Drug Admini
• PMID 12422999

• "No, Duke. No divorce".

• Gould WS.
• Medical economics.Med Econ.2001 Aug 20;78(16):74, 77-8.
• PMID 11550441

Related Links

• Percodan: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects - Drugs.com

Percodan (aspirin and oxycodone) is a narcotic medicine used to relieve moderate to severe pain. Includes Percodan side effects, interactions and indications. ... Percodan side effects Get emergency medical help if you have any ...

• Percodan - User Reviews - RxList - The Internet Drug Index for ...

What are the possible side effects of aspirin and oxycodone (Endodan, Percodan, Roxiprin)? Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips ...

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