Frederick William University, (PhD) University of Leningrad, (MA)
Known for
Input-output analysis
Awards
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1973)
Scientific career
Fields
Economics
Institutions
University of Kiel New York University Harvard University
Thesis
Wirtschaft als Kreislauf(1928)
Doctoral advisor
Ladislaus Bortkiewicz Werner Sombart
Doctoral students
Paul Samuelson Thomas Schelling Robert Solow Kenneth E. Iverson Vernon L. Smith Richard E. Quandt Hyman Minsky Khodadad Farmanfarmaian[3] Dale W. Jorgenson[4] Michael C. Lovell Karen R. Polenske
Influences
Léon Walras
Influenced
George B. Dantzig
Wassily Wassilyevich Leontief (Russian: Василий Васильевич Леонтьев; August 5, 1905 – February 5, 1999), was a Russian-American economist known for his research on input-output analysis and how changes in one economic sector may affect other sectors.
Leontief won the Nobel Committee's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1973, and four of his doctoral students have also been awarded the prize (Paul Samuelson 1970, Robert Solow 1987, Vernon L. Smith 2002, Thomas Schelling 2005).
Contents
1Biography
1.1Early life
1.2Opposition in USSR
1.3Early professional life
1.4Affiliation with Harvard
1.5Affiliation with New York University
2Personal
3Major contributions
4Publications
5Awards
6In honor
7Memberships
8Quotes
9See also
10References and sources
11External links
Biography
Early life
Wassily Leontief was born on August 5, 1906, in Munich, Germany, the son of Wassily W. Leontief (professor of Economics) and Zlata (German spelling Slata; later Evgenia) Leontief (née Becker).[5][6] W. Leontief, Sr., belonged to a family of old-believer merchants living in St. Petersburg since 1741.[7] Genya Becker belonged to a wealthy Jewish family from Odessa.[8] At 15 in 1921, Wassily, Jr., entered University of Leningrad in present-day St. Petersburg. He earned his Learned Economist degree (equivalent to Master of Arts) in 1925 at the age of 19.
Opposition in USSR
Leontief sided with campaigners for academic autonomy, freedom of speech and in support of Pitirim Sorokin. As a consequence, he was detained several times by the Cheka. In 1925, he was allowed to leave the USSR, mostly because the Cheka believed that he was mortally ill with a sarcoma, a diagnosis that later proved false.[7] He continued his studies at the Frederick William University and, in 1928 earned a Ph.D. degree in economics under the direction of Werner Sombart, writing his dissertation on The Economy as Circular Flow (original German title: Die Wirtschaft als Kreislauf).
Early professional life
From 1927 to 1930, he worked at the Institute for the World Economy of the University of Kiel. There he researched the derivation of statistical demand and supply curves. In 1929, he traveled to China to assist its ministry of railroads as an advisor.
In 1931, he went to the United States and was employed by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
During World War II, Leontief served as consultant at the U. S. Office of Strategic Services.
Affiliation with Harvard
Leontief joined Harvard University's department of economics in 1932 and in 1946 became professor of economics there.
In 1949, Leontief used an early computer at Harvard and data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics to divide the U.S. economy into 500 sectors. Leontief modeled each sector with a linear equation based on the data and used the computer, the Harvard Mark II, to solve the system, one of the first significant uses of computers for mathematical modeling,[9][10][11][12] along with George W. Snedecor's usage of the Atanasoff–Berry computer.
Leontief set up the Harvard Economic Research Project in 1948 and remained its director until 1973. Starting in 1965, he chaired the Harvard Society of Fellows.
Affiliation with New York University
In 1975, Leontief joined New York University and founded and directed the Institute for Economic Analysis. He taught graduate and undergraduate classes.
Personal
In 1932, Leontief married poet Estelle Marks. Their only child, Svetlana Leontief Alpers, was born in 1936. Leontief's wife Estelle wrote a memoir, Genia and Wassily,[8] of their relations with his parents after they came to the US as emigres.
As hobbies Leontief enjoyed fly fishing, ballet, and fine wines. He vacationed for years at his farm in West Burke, Vermont, but after moving to New York in the 1970s moved his summer residence to Lakeville, Connecticut.
Leontief died in New York City on Friday, February 5, 1999 at the age of 93. His wife died in 2005.
Major contributions
Leontief is credited with developing early contributions to input-output analysis and earned the Nobel Prize in Economics for his development of its associated theory. He has also made contributions in other areas of economics, such as international trade where he documented the Leontief paradox. He was also one of the first to establish the composite commodity theorem.
Leontief earned the Nobel Prize in economics for his work on input-output tables. Input-output tables analyze the process by which inputs from one industry produce outputs for consumption or for inputs for another industry. With the input-output table, one can estimate the change in demand for inputs resulting from a change in production of the final good. The analysis assumes that input proportions are fixed; thus the use of input-output analysis is limited to rough approximations rather than prediction. Input-output was novel and inspired large-scale empirical work; in 2010 its iterative method was recognized as an early intellectual precursor to Google's PageRank.[13][14][15]
Leontief used input-output analysis to study the characteristics of trade flow between the U.S. and other countries, and found what has been named Leontief's paradox; "this country resorts to foreign trade in order to economize its capital and dispose of its surplus labor, rather than vice versa", i.e., U.S. exports were relatively labor-intensive when compared to U.S. imports. This is the opposite of what one would expect, considering the fact that the U.S.'s comparative advantage was in capital-intensive goods. According to some economists, this paradox has since been explained as due to the fact that when a country produces "more than two goods, the abundance of capital relative to labor does not imply that the capital intensity of its exports should exceed that of imports."[16]
Leontief was also a very strong proponent of the use of quantitative data in the study of economics. Throughout his life Leontief campaigned against "theoretical assumptions and non-observed facts".[16] According to Leontief, too many economists were reluctant to "get their hands dirty" by working with raw empirical facts. To that end, Wassily Leontief did much to make quantitative data more accessible, and more indispensable, to the study of economics.
Publications
1925: Баланс народного хозяйства СССР. ("Balans narodnogo khozyaystva SSSR") in Planovoe Khozyaystvo [ru]; translated into Italian in Spulber N.(Ed.) as "Il Bilancio dell'economia nazionale dell'URSS." in La Strategia Sovietica per Sviluppo Economico 1924–1930, Giulio Einaudi ed., Torino [discussing the Soviet "Balance of the National Economy", 1923–4]
1928: Die Wirtschaft als Kreislauf, Tübingen: Mohr: re-published as The economy as a circular flow, pp. 181–212 in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Volume 2, Issue 1, June 1991; this translation is abridged to avoid controversial statements.
Wassily W. Leontief (Aug 1936). "Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic System of the United States". Review of Economics and Statistics. 18 (3): 105–125. JSTOR 1927837.
Wassily W. Leontief (Aug 1937). "Interrelation of Prices, Output, Savings and Investment: A Study in Empirical Application of Economic Theory of General Interdependence". Review of Economics and Statistics. 19 (3): 109–132. JSTOR 1927343.
1941: Structure of the American Economy, 1919–1929
1953: Studies in the Structure of the American Economy
1966: Input-Output Economics[17]
1966: Essays in Economics
Wassily W. Leontief (Aug 1967). "An Alternative to Aggregation in Input-Output Analysis and National Accounts". Review of Economics and Statistics. 49 (3): 412–419. JSTOR 1926651.
Wassily W. Leontief (Aug 1970). "Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: an input-output approach". Review of Economics and Statistics. 52: 262–271. JSTOR 1926294.
Wassily W. Leontief (1970). "The Dynamic Inverse". In A.P. Carter and A. Brody. Contributions to Input-Output Analysis: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Input-Output Techniques (1). North-Holland Publishing Company. pp. 17–46.
1977: Essays in Economics, II
1977: The Future of the World Economy
1983: Military Spending: Facts and Figures, Worldwide Implications and Future Outlook co-authed with F. Duchin.
1983: The Future of Non-Fuel Minerals in the U. S. And World Economy co-authed with J. Koo, S. Nasar and I. Sohn
1986: The Future Impact of Automation on Workers co-authored with F. Duchin
Wassily W. Leontief (1986). Input-Output Economics (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195035278.
Awards
1953: Order of the Cherubim, University of Pisa
1962: Dr honoris causa, University of Brussels
1967: Dr of the University, University of York
1968: Officer of the French Légion d'honneur
1970: Bernhard-Harms Prize Economics, West Germany
1971: Dr honoris causa, University of Louvain
1972: Dr honoris causa, University of Paris (Sorbonne)
1973: Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, a.k.a. Nobel Prize in Economics
1976: Dr honoris causa, University of Pennsylvania
1980: Dr honoris causa, University of Toulouse, France
1980: Dr honoris causa, University of Louisville, Kentucky
1980: Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Vermont
1980: Doctor of Laws, C. W. Post Center, Long Island University
1980: Russian-American Hall of Fame
1981: Karl Marx University, Budapest, Hungary
1984: Order of the Rising Sun, Japan
1985: Commandeur, French Order of Arts and Letters
1988: Dr honoris causa, Adelphi College
1988: Foreign member, USSR Academy of Sciences
1989: Society of the Optimate, Italian Cultural Institute, New York
1990: Dr honoris causa, University of Córdoba, Spain
1991: Takemi Memorial Award, Institute of Seizon & Life Sciences, Japan
1995: Harry Edmonds Award for Life Achievement, International House, New York
1995: Dr honoris causa, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
Award of Excellence, The International Center in New York
In honor
The Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University awards the Leontief Prize in Economics each year in his honor.
Leontief is listed in the Russian-American Chamber of Fame of Congress of Russian Americans, which is dedicated to Russian immigrants who made outstanding contributions to American science or culture.[18][19][20]
Memberships
1954: President of the Econometric Society
1968: Corresponding Member of the Institut de France
1970: President of the American Economic Association
1970: Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy
1974: US-USSR Commission on the Social Sciences and Humanities of the International Research and Exchanges Board
1975: American Committee on East-West Accord
1975: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincie, Italy
1976: President and Section F. of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
1976: Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy
1977: Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
1978: Commission to Study the Organization of Peace
1978–1986: Board of Trustees of North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics
1979: Century Club
1979: Issues Committee of the Progressive Alliance
1980: Committee for National Security
1981: Board of Visitors, College of Liberal Arts, Boston University
1981: Board of Editors, Journal of Business Strategy
1982: International Advisory Council of the Delian Institute of International Relations
1982: Accademia Mediterranea Delle Scienze, Italy
1983: Board of Advisors, Environmental Fund
1983: Board of Directors, Tolstoy Foundation
1985: International Committee, Carnegie Mellon University
1990: Academy of Creative Endeavors, USSR
1992: International Charitable Foundation, Russia
1993: Academie Europeenne
1993: Honorary President of the World Academy for the Progress of Planning Science, Italy
1993: Member of the Academie Universelle des Cultures, France
1994: Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences
1995: Member of the International Leadership Center on Longevity & Society, Mt. Sinai Hospital
American Philosophical Society
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
International Statistical Institute
Honorary Member of the Japan Economic Research Center, Tokyo
Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, London
Trustee of Economists for Peace and Security
Quotes
Much of current academic teaching and research has been critizied for its lack of relevance, that is, of immediate practical impact. ... The trouble is caused, however, not by an inadequate selection of targets, but rather by our inability to hit squarely on them, ... by the palpable inadequacy of the scientific means with which they try to solve them. ... The weak and all too slowly growing empirical foundations clearly cannot support the proliferating superstructure of pure, or should I say, speculative economic theory.... By the time it comes to interpretations of the substantive conclusions, the assumptions on which the model has been based are easily forgotten. But it is precisely the empirical validity of these assumptions on which the usefulness of the entire exercise depends. ... A natural Darwinian feedback operating through selection of academic personnel contributes greatly to the perpetuation of this state of affairs.[21]
The role of humans as the most important factor of production is bound to diminish in the same way that the role of horses in agricultural production was first diminished and then eliminated by the introduction of tractors.[22]
See also
List of economists
List of Jewish Nobel laureates
References and sources
^"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1973". NobelPrize.org.
^Wassily Leontief Birth Certificate. U.S. Library of Congress
^Harvard IOHP | Khodadad Farmanfarmaian Transcripts. Fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved on 2017-09-06.
^Jorgenson, Dale W. (1998) Growth, Vol. 1: Econometric General Equilibrium Modeling. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 026226322X
^See birth data, provided October 4, 2005 Archived January 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. In his Nobel Prize website biographical information it states that recent information sets his year of birth to 1905.
^Bjerkholt, Olav, and Heinz D. Kurz (2006). "Introduction: the History of Input–Output Analysis, Leontief's Path and Alternative Tracks". Economic Systems Research. 18 (18.4): 331–33. doi:10.1080/09535310601020850.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abKaliadina, Svetlana A.; Pavlova, Natal'ia Iu.; Wittich, Claus (2006). "The Family of W. W. Leontief in Russia". Economic Systems Research. 18 (4): 335. doi:10.1080/09535310601020876.
^ abEstelle Leontief (1987). Genia & Wassily: a Russian-American memoir. Zephyr Press. ISBN 978-0-939010-11-0.
^Lay, David C. (2003). Linear Algebra and Its Applications (Third ed.). Addison Wesley. p. 1. ISBN 0-201-70970-8.
^Polenske, Karen R. (2004). "Leontief's 'magnificent machine' and other contributions to applied economics". Wassily Leontief and Input-Output Economics. Cambridge University Press. p. 12.
^Iverson, Kenneth E. (1954). Machine Solutions of Linear Differential Equations Applications to a Dynamic Economic Model, Ph.D. Thesis. Harvard University.
^PageRank-Type Algorithm From the 1940s Discovered – Slashdot. Science.slashdot.org (2010-02-17). Retrieved on 2017-09-06.
^Scientist Finds PageRank-Type Algorithm from the 1940s – MIT Technology Review. Technologyreview.com (2010-02-17). Retrieved on 2017-09-06.
^Massimo Franceschet (2010). "PageRank: Standing on the shoulders of giants". arXiv:1002.2858 [cs.IR].
^ ab"Wassily Leontief (1906–1999)". Econlib. Library of Economics and Liberty. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
^Wassily Leontief (1986). Input-output Economics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503527-8.
^European Russians: The place of Russian Emigration in US Science and technology. Eurorussians.com. Retrieved on 2017-09-06.
^Anatoly Bezkorovainy (2008). All Was Not Lost: Journey of a Russian Immigrant from Riga to Chicagoland. AuthorHouse. p. 457. ISBN 9781434364586. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
^CRA Hall of Fame. Russian-americans.org.
^Leontief, W., Theoretical Assumptions and nonobserved Facts, American Economic Review, Vol. 61, No. 1 (March 1971), pp. 1–7; Presidential address to the American Economic Association 1970.
^Hallak, Jacques; Caillods, Françoise (1995). "Educational Planning: The International Dimension". ISBN 9780815320241.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wassily Leontief.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Wassily Leontief
Autobiography
Information from www.iioa.org
Article by James K. Galbraith
Interview with W.Leontief by S.A.Kalyadina (in Russian)
IDEAS/RePEc
Appearances on C-SPAN
Awards
Preceded by John R. Hicks Kenneth J. Arrow
Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics 1973
Succeeded by Gunnar Myrdal Friedrich August von Hayek
v
t
e
Laureates of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
1969–1975
1969 Ragnar Frisch / Jan Tinbergen
1970 Paul A. Samuelson
1971 Simon Kuznets
1972 John R. Hicks / Kenneth J. Arrow
1973 Wassily Leontief
1974 Gunnar Myrdal / Friedrich August von Hayek
1975 Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich / Tjalling C. Koopmans
1976–2000
1976 Milton Friedman
1977 Bertil Ohlin / James E. Meade
1978 Herbert A. Simon
1979 Theodore W. Schultz / Sir Arthur Lewis
1980 Lawrence R. Klein
1981 James Tobin
1982 George J. Stigler
1983 Gérard Debreu
1984 Richard Stone
1985 Franco Modigliani
1986 James M. Buchanan Jr.
1987 Robert M. Solow
1988 Maurice Allais
1989 Trygve Haavelmo
1990 Harry M. Markowitz / Merton H. Miller / William F. Sharpe
1991 Ronald H. Coase
1992 Gary S. Becker
1993 Robert W. Fogel / Douglass C. North
1994 John C. Harsanyi / John F. Nash Jr. / Reinhard Selten
1995 Robert E. Lucas Jr.
1996 James A. Mirrlees / William Vickrey
1997 Robert C. Merton / Myron S. Scholes
1998 Amartya Sen
1999 Robert A. Mundell
2000 James J. Heckman / Daniel L. McFadden
2001–present
2001 George A. Akerlof / A. Michael Spence / Joseph E. Stiglitz
2002 Daniel Kahneman / Vernon L. Smith
2003 Robert F. Engle III / Clive W.J. Granger
2004 Finn E. Kydland / Edward C. Prescott
2005 Robert J. Aumann / Thomas C. Schelling
2006 Edmund S. Phelps
2007 Leonid Hurwicz / Eric S. Maskin / Roger B. Myerson
2008 Paul Krugman
2009 Elinor Ostrom / Oliver E. Williamson
2010 Peter A. Diamond / Dale T. Mortensen / Christopher A. Pissarides
2011 Thomas J. Sargent / Christopher A. Sims
2012 Alvin E. Roth / Lloyd S. Shapley
2013 Eugene F. Fama / Lars Peter Hansen / Robert J. Shiller
2014 Jean Tirole
2015 Angus Deaton
2016 Oliver Hart / Bengt Holmström
2017 Richard H. Thaler
2018 William Nordhaus / Paul Romer
v
t
e
Presidents of the Econometric Society
1931–1950
Irving Fisher (1931–1934)
François Divisia (1935)
Harold Hotelling (1936–1937)
Arthur Bowley (1938–1939)
Joseph Schumpeter (1940–1941)
Wesley Mitchell (1942–1943)
John Maynard Keynes (1944–1945)
Jacob Marschak (1946)
Jan Tinbergen (1947)
Charles Roos (1948)
Ragnar Frisch (1949)
Tjalling Koopmans (1950)
1951–1975
R. G. D. Allen (1951)
Paul Samuelson (1952)
René Roy (1953)
Wassily Leontief (1954)
Richard Stone (1955)
Kenneth Arrow (1956)
Trygve Haavelmo (1957)
James Tobin (1958)
Marcel Boiteux [fr] (1959)
Lawrence Klein (1960)
Henri Theil (1961)
Franco Modigliani (1962)
Edmond Malinvaud (1963)
Robert Solow (1964)
Michio Morishima (1965)
Herman Wold (1966)
Hendrik Houthakker (1967)
Frank Hahn (1968)
Leonid Hurwicz (1969)
Jacques Drèze (1970)
Gérard Debreu (1971)
W. M. Gorman (1972)
Roy Radner (1973)
Don Patinkin (1974)
Zvi Griliches (1975)
1976–2000
Hirofumi Uzawa (1976)
Lionel McKenzie (1977)
János Kornai (1978)
Franklin M. Fisher (1979)
J. Denis Sargan (1980)
Marc Nerlove (1981)
James A. Mirrlees (1982)
Herbert Scarf (1983)
Amartya K. Sen (1984)
Daniel McFadden (1985)
Michael Bruno (1986)
Dale Jorgenson (1987)
Anthony B. Atkinson (1988)
Hugo Sonnenschein (1989)
Jean-Michel Grandmont [de] (1990)
Peter Diamond (1991)
Jean-Jacques Laffont (1992)
Andreu Mas-Colell (1993)
Takashi Negishi (1994)
Christopher Sims (1995)
Roger Guesnerie (1996)
Robert E. Lucas, Jr. (1997)
Jean Tirole (1998)
Robert B. Wilson (1999)
Elhanan Helpman (2000)
2001–present
Avinash Dixit (2001)
Guy Laroque [fr] (2002)
Eric Maskin (2003)
Ariel Rubinstein (2004)
Thomas J. Sargent (2005)
Richard Blundell (2006)
Lars Peter Hansen (2007)
Torsten Persson (2008)
Roger B. Myerson (2009)
John H. Moore (2010)
Bengt Holmström (2011)
Jean-Charles Rochet [ru] (2012)
James J. Heckman (2013)
Manuel Arellano (2014)
Robert Porter [ru] (2015)
Eddie Dekel (2016)
Drew Fudenberg (2017)
Tim Besley (2018)
v
t
e
Presidents of the American Economic Association
1886–1900
Francis A. Walker (1886)
Charles F. Dunbar (1893)
John B. Clark (1894)
Henry C. Adams (1896)
Arthur T. Hadley (1898)
Richard T. Ely (1900)
1901–1925
Edwin R. A. Seligman (1902)
Frank W. Taussig (1904)
Jeremiah W. Jenks (1906)
Simon N. Patten (1908)
Davis R. Dewey (1909)
Edmund J. James (1910)
Henry W. Farnam (1911)
Frank A. Fetter (1912)
David Kinley (1913)
John H. Gray (1914)
Walter F. Willcox (1915)
Thomas N. Carver (1916)
John R. Commons (1917)
Irving Fisher (1918)
Henry B. Gardner (1919)
Herbert J. Davenport (1920)
Jacob H. Hollander (1921)
Henry R. Seager (1922)
Carl C. Plehn (1923)
Wesley C. Mitchell (1924)
Allyn A. Young (1925)
1926–1950
Edwin W. Kemmerer (1926)
Thomas S. Adams (1927)
Fred M. Taylor (1928)
Edwin F. Gay (1929)
Matthew B. Hammond (1930)
Ernest L. Bogart (1931)
George E. Barnett (1932)
William Z. Ripley (1933)
Harry A. Millis (1934)
John M. Clark (1935)
Alvin S. Johnson (1936)
Oliver M. W. Sprague (1937)
Alvin Hansen (1938)
Jacob Viner (1939)
Frederick C. Mills (1940)
Sumner Slichter (1941)
Edwin G. Nourse (1942)
Albert B. Wolfe (1943)
Joseph S. Davis (1944)
I. Leo Sharfman (1945)
Emanuel A. Goldenweiser (1946)
Paul Douglas (1947)
Joseph Schumpeter (1948)
Howard S. Ellis (1949)
Frank Knight (1950)
1951–1975
John H. Williams (1951)
Harold A. Innis (1952)
Calvin B. Hoover (1953)
Simon Kuznets (1954)
John D. Black (1955)
Edwin E. Witte (1956)
Morris A. Copeland (1957)
George W. Stocking (1958)
Arthur F. Burns (1959)
Theodore W. Schultz (1960)
Paul A. Samuelson (1961)
Edward S. Mason (1962)
Gottfried Haberler (1963)
George J. Stigler (1964)
Joseph J. Spengler (1965)
Fritz Machlup (1966)
Milton Friedman (1967)
Kenneth E. Boulding (1968)
William J. Fellner (1969)
Wassily Leontief (1970)
James Tobin (1971)
John Kenneth Galbraith (1972)
Kenneth J. Arrow (1973)
Walter W. Heller (1974)
R. Aaron Gordon (1975)
1976–2000
Franco Modigliani (1976)
Lawrence R. Klein (1977)
Jacob Marschak (1978)
Tjalling C. Koopmans (1978)
Robert M. Solow (1979)
Moses Abramovitz (1980)
William J. Baumol (1981)
Gardner Ackley (1982)
W. Arthur Lewis (1983)
Charles L. Schultze (1984)
Charles P. Kindleberger (1985)
Alice M. Rivlin (1986)
Gary S. Becker (1987)
Robert Eisner (1988)
Joseph A. Pechman (1989)
Gérard Debreu (1990)
Thomas C. Schelling (1991)
William Vickrey (1992)
Zvi Griliches (1993)
Amartya Sen (1994)
Victor R. Fuchs (1995)
Anne O. Krueger (1996)
Arnold C. Harberger (1997)
Robert W. Fogel (1998)
D. Gale Johnson (1999)
Dale W. Jorgenson (2000)
2001–present
Sherwin Rosen (2001)
Robert Lucas Jr. (2002)
Peter Diamond (2003)
Martin Feldstein (2004)
Daniel McFadden (2005)
George Akerlof (2006)
Thomas J. Sargent (2007)
Avinash Dixit (2008)
Angus Deaton (2009)
Robert Hall (2010)
Orley Ashenfelter (2011)
Christopher A. Sims (2012)
Claudia Goldin (2013)
William Nordhaus (2014)
Richard Thaler (2015)
Robert J. Shiller (2016)
Alvin E. Roth (2017)
Olivier Blanchard (2018)
Authority control
BIBSYS: 90061871
BNE: XX838106
BNF: cb119124986 (data)
GND: 118727621
ISNI: 0000 0001 0876 1240
LCCN: n50049887
MGP: 137087
NDL: 00447407
NKC: jn20000603723
SELIBR: 316773
SNAC: w68w4zmf
SUDOC: 026983826
VIAF: 19680383
WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 19680383
English Journal
Revealing dynamic impacts of socioeconomic factors on air pollution changes in Guangdong Province, China.
Xu X, Huang G, Liu L, Guan Y, Zhai M, Li Y.
The Science of the total environment. 2019 Sep;699()134178.
The rapid development of cities leads to the frequent occurrence of air pollution incidents, which seriously hinders urban sustainability. This study develops a dynamic regional air pollution analysis (DRA) model to explore the mechanism of air pollutant emission changes. Specifically, the emissions
The impacts of data deviations between MRIO models on material footprints: A comparison of EXIOBASE, Eora, and ICIO.
Giljum S, Wieland H, Lutter S, Eisenmenger N, Schandl H, Owen A.
Journal of industrial ecology. 2019 Aug;23(4)946-958.
In various international policy processes such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, an urgent demand for robust consumption-based indicators of material flows, or material footprints (MFs), has emerged over the past years. Yet, MFs for national economies diverge when calculated with different Gl
Comparing the Economic Impact of Natural Disasters Generated by Different Input-Output Models: An Application to the 2007 Chehalis River Flood (WA).
Avelino AFT, Dall'erba S.
Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis. 2019 01;39(1)85-104.
Due to the concentration of assets in disaster-prone zones, changes in risk landscape and in the intensity of natural events, property losses have increased considerably in recent decades. While measuring these stock damages is common practice in the literature, the assessment of economic ripple eff
Leontief's Input-Output Model - an example. Leontief Center, in St. Petersburg, Russia Leontief page at Britannica.com Leontief page at Britannica Guide to the Nobel Prizes Leontief bio Leontief page in German " at Iowa