出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/05 16:35:47」(JST)
Huayna Capac (1464/1468–1525/1527) was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.
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In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh. In English, his name translates to the "rich youth" or the "youthful prince." His original name was Tito Husi Hualpa.[1]
Huayna Capac was born in Tomebamba, possibly in 1468.[2] He was the son of Topa Inca and the Inca's sister and wife.[3]
Huayna Capac's legitimate wife and full sister was Coya Cusirimay. The couple produced no male heirs, but Huayna Capac sired as many as 50 or more children with other women, including Ninan Cuyochi, Huáscar, Atahualpa, Túpac Huallpa, Manco Inca Yupanqui, General Atoc, Paullu Inca and Quispe Sisa, all of whom could be said to be his successors.
Huayna Capac extended the Inca empire (Tahuantinsuyu) significantly to the south into present-day Chile and Argentina. For many years, he and his armies fought to annex territories north of his empire in what is now Ecuador (and a small region of Colombia) to the northernmost province. The capital city of the empire was far to the south in Cuzco, and Huayna Capac hoped to establish a northern stronghold in the city of Tomebamba. Huayna Capac's forces reached the Chinchipe River Basin but were pushed back by the Shuar in 1527.[4]
The Inca empire reached the height of its size and power under his rule, stretching over much of Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia. It included varying terrain from high frozen Andes to the densest swamps, and more than two hundred distinct ethnic groups, each with their own customs and languages. The empire spanned over a thousand miles north to south.[2]
Despite the geographical and cultural challenges, Inca or Tawantinsuyu, "the united four regions", was sophisticated for its time and place. At its height, it had monumental cities, temples, fortresses of stone marvelously engineered, roads cut through granite mountain slopes, and massive agricultural terraces and hydraulic works.
A dedicated ruler, Huayna Capac did much to improve the lives of his people. In addition to building temples and other works, Huayna greatly expanded the road network. He had storehouses built along it for food so that aid could be quickly rushed to any who were in danger of starvation.
Huayna probably contracted smallpox while campaigning in Colombia (though some historians dispute this).[5] The Spaniards had carried smallpox to South America, and the Native Americans had not acquired immunity against it. Huayna and about 200,000 other South and Central Americans died in that epidemic. Both Huayna Capac and his oldest son, Ninan Cuyochi, died.
Before his death, Huayna Capac divided the empire, leaving the newly conquered north to his favorite son Atahualpa and the rest to his legitimate heir Huáscar. Upon the death of their father, Huayna Capac, in 1525 or 1527, the brothers Atahualpa Inca and Huáscar Inca were granted two separate realms of the Inca Empire: Atahualpa, the northern portion centered on Quito, and Huáscar, the southern portion centered on Cuzco.
Huáscar quickly secured power in Cuzco and had his brother Atahualpa arrested. But Atahualpa escaped from his imprisonment with the help of his wife and began securing support from Huayna Capac's best generals Chalkuchimac and Quizquiz, who happened to be near Quito, the nearest major city. Atahualpa won the ensuing civil war. In keeping with a longstanding Inca and Andean tradition of fraternal conflict, Atahualpa rebelled against his brother Huáscar and imprisoned him.
Pizarro and his men had the fortune of ascending into the Andes just as Atahualpa was returning to Cuzco after successful conclusion of his northern campaigns. After launching a surprise attack in Cajamarca and massacring upward of 6,000 Incan soldiers, Pizarro took Atahualpa prisoner. To secure his release, Atahualpa pledged to fill a room of approximately 88 cubic meters with precious golden objects, the famous Atahualpa's Ransom Room. Over the next months, trains of porters carted precious objects from across the empire, including jars, pots, vessels, and huge golden plates pried off the walls of the Sun Temple of Coricancha in Cuzco. On May 3, 1533, Pizarro ordered the vast accumulation of golden objects melted down, a process that took many weeks. Finally, on July 16, the melted loot was distributed among his men, and 10 days later, Pizarro had Atahualpa executed anyway.
| Preceded by Túpac Inca Yupanqui |
Sapa Inca 1493–1527 |
Succeeded by Huáscar |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Huayna Capac |
| Alternative names | Wayna Qhapaq, Vaina Ghapakh, Tito Husi Hualpa |
| Short description | 11th Sapa Inca who expanded the Inca Empire to its greatest size |
| Date of birth | 1464 |
| Place of birth | Tomebomba, Azuay Province, Ecuador |
| Date of death | 1527 |
| Place of death | Quito, Ecaudor |