Equidae

ウマ科

関

domestic horse、donkey、Equus caballus、horse、mule、zebra

　

WordNet

1. horses; asses; zebras; extinct animals (同)family Equidae
2. provide with a horse or horses
3. solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times (同)Equus_caballus
4. a padded gymnastic apparatus on legs (同)gymnastic horse
5. a slipper that has no fitting around the heel (同)scuff
6. hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile
7. the symbol of the Democratic Party; introduced in cartoons by Thomas Nast in 1874
8. any of several fleet black-and-white striped African equines

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『馬』,(特に成長した)雄馬 / =vaulting horse / 〈C〉(物を載せたり,支えたりする)脚付き枠(台など),掛け台,のこひき台,きゃたつ / 〈U〉《集合的に;複数扱い》騎兵,騎兵隊 / 〈人〉‘を'馬に乗せる;〈馬車〉‘に'をつける
2. ラバ(雄のロバと雌の馬との雑種;生殖力がない) / 《話》強情な人・ミュール精紡機; (形容詞)) 雑種の
3. つっかけ(たいてい複数形で：かかとが覆われていない室内ばき)
4. (家畜化された)『ロバ』 / ばか者,とんま;強情な人,がんこ者
5. シマウマ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/28 21:11:13」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Equidae Temporal range: 54–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Eocene-Holocene
Wild horses
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Suborder:	Hippomorpha
Family:	Equidae Gray, 1821

Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All extant species are in the genus Equus. Equidae belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which includes the extant tapirs and rhinoceros as well as several extinct families.

The term equid refers to any member of this family, including any equine.

Evolution

Main article: Evolution of the horse

Extinct equids restored to scale. Left to right: Mesohippus, Neohipparion, Eohippus, Equus scotti and Hypohippus

The oldest known fossils assigned to Equidae date from the early Eocene, 54 million years ago. They formerly were assigned to the genus Hyracotherium, but the type species of that genus now is regarded to be not a member of this family. The other species have been split off into different genera. These early Equidae were fox-sized animals with three toes on the hind feet, and four on the front feet. They were herbivorous browsers on relatively soft plants, and already adapted for running. The complexity of their brains suggest that they already were alert and intelligent animals. Later species reduced the number of toes, and developed teeth more suited for grinding up grasses and other tough plant food.

The family became relatively diverse during the Miocene, with many new species appearing. By this time, equids were more truly horse-like, having developed the typical body shape of the modern animals. Many of these species bore the main weight of their bodies on their central, third, toe, with the others becoming reduced, and barely touching the ground, if at all. The sole surviving genus, Equus, had evolved by the early Pleistocene, and spread rapidly through the world.

Classification

Skeletons

Protorohippus

Hipparion

Equus (Przewalski's horse)

• Order Perissodactyla (In addition to Equidae, Perissodactyla includes four species of tapir in a single genus, as well as five living species (belonging to four genera) of rhinoceros.) † indicates extinct taxa.
• Family Equidae
  • Genus †Epihippus
  • Genus †Haplohippus
  • Genus †Heptaconodon
  • Genus †Eohippus
  • Genus †Minippus
  • Genus †Orohippus
  • Genus †Pliolophus
  • Genus †Protorohippus
  • Genus †Sifrhippus
  • Genus †Xenicohippus
  • Genus †Eurohippus
  • Genus †Propalaeotherium
  • Subfamily †Anchitheriinae
    • Genus †Anchitherium
    • Genus †Archaeohippus
    • Genus †Desmatippus
    • Genus †Hypohippus
    • Genus †Kalobatippus
    • Genus †Megahippus
    • Genus †Mesohippus
    • Genus †Miohippus
    • Genus †Parahippus
    • Genus †Sinohippus
  • Subfamily Equinae
    • Genus †Merychippus
    • Genus †Scaphohippus
    • Genus †Acritohippus
    • Tribe †Hipparionini
      • Genus †Eurygnathohippus
      • Genus †Hipparion
      • Genus †Hippotherium
      • Genus †Nannippus
      • Genus †Neohipparion
      • Genus †Proboscidipparion
      • Genus †Pseudhipparion
    • Tribe Equini
      • Genus †Astrohippus
      • Genus †Calippus
      • Genus †Dinohippus
      • Genus Equus (22 species, 7 extant)
      • Genus †Hippidion
      • Genus †Onohippidium
      • Genus †Pliohippus
      • Genus †Protohippus
      • Genus †Heteropliohippus
      • Genus †Parapliohippus

References

English Journal

• Novel animal papillomavirus sequences and accurate phylogenetic placement.

• Mengual-Chuliá B, García-Pérez R, Gottschling M, Nindl I, Bravo IG.SourceInfections and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Genomics and Health, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP), Valencia, Spain.
• Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2012 Dec;65(3):883-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
• All amniotes are probably infected by specific papillomaviruses (PVs), but knowledge about PV diversity remains sparse. An insufficient taxon sampling, and a focus on humans as hosts, may perturb phylogenetic analyses leading to wrong conclusions about PV evolution. We performed a systematic approac
• PMID 22960206

• Molecular phylogeny of extant equids and effects of ancestral polymorphism in resolving species-level phylogenies.

• Steiner CC, Mitelberg A, Tursi R, Ryder OA.SourceSan Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road Escondido, CA 92027, United States. Electronic address: csteiner@sandiegozoo.org.
• Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2012 Nov;65(2):573-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.010. Epub 2012 Jul 28.
• Short divergence times and processes such as incomplete lineage sorting and species hybridization are known to hinder the inference of species-level phylogenies due to the lack of sufficient informative genetic variation or the presence of shared but incongruent polymorphism among taxa. Extant equid
• PMID 22846684

Japanese Journal

• Efficient Propagation of Equine Viruses in a Newly Established Equine Cell Line, FHK-Tcl3.1 Cells

• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75(9), 1223-1225, 2013
• NAID 130003362190

• A preliminary report on some fossil mammals (Equidae, Perissodactyla and Hyracoidea) from the Pliocene Udunga fauna, Transbaikalia, Russia

• Asian paleoprimatology 5, 99-104, 2009
• NAID 120005649383

• タイ北部中新世哺乳類動物群とその地質年代

• 霊長類研究 = Primate research 18(2), 131-141, 2002-10-01
• NAID 10010613877

Related Links

• Equidae® Horse Feed - Welcome to Equidae® Horse Feed.

EQUIDAE’s premium quality horse feed formulations, combined with state-of-the-art steam extrusion processing, provide a solution to the problem with feeding horses high levels of energy. ... Wholesome grains processed using Steam Extrusion ...

• Equidae - New World Encyclopedia

Order Perissodactyla (In addition to Equidae, Perissodactyla includes four species of tapir in a single genus, as well as five living species (belonging to four genera) of rhinoceros.) † indicates extinct species. Family Equidae Genus Hyracotherium

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「horse」「mule」「Equus caballus」「domestic horse」「zebra」

「horse」

　　[★]

ウマ

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domestic horse、donkey、equi、Equidae、equine、Equus caballus、mule、zebra

　 　 　 　

「mule」

　　[★]

ラバ

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domestic horse、donkey、Equidae、Equus caballus、horse、zebra

　 　 　 　

「Equus caballus」

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ウマ

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domestic horse、donkey、equi、Equidae、equine、horse、mule、zebra

「domestic horse」

　　[★]

ウマ

関

donkey、equi、Equidae、equine、Equus caballus、horse、mule、zebra

「zebra」

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シマウマ

関

domestic horse、donkey、Equidae、Equus caballus、horse、mule