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1. 腹壁閉鎖の原則principles of abdominal wall closure [show details]
… The internal oblique and transversus abdominis are approximated with loosely tied absorbable sutures spaced 1 cm apart in the internal oblique layer. The external oblique aponeurosis can… Wounds have less than 5 percent of normal tissue strength during the first postoperative week; thus,… are designed to be handheld. Curved needles require a needle driver. They are characterized by the diameter of their arc, degree of curvature, and caliber. Degree of curvature is one-fourth, three-eighths …
2. 第一（拇指）中手骨骨折first thumb metacarpal fractures [show details]
… opposing forces of the abductor pollicis longus and the volar oblique ligament. These forces cause a common fracture pattern: type I first metacarpal fracture (or Bennett fracture), which is described …
3. 妊娠初期の人工中絶：薬剤誘発性人工妊娠中絶first trimester pregnancy termination medication abortion [show details]
… First-trimester medication abortion is reviewed here. An overview of pregnancy termination, including a discussion on how to choose between a medication and surgical abortion, as well as first-trimester… (defined as a gestational sac measuring <25 mm in diameter but no evidence of a yolk sac or fetal pole).…
4. 重度の頸部外傷に行う外科的診断surgical exploration for severe neck trauma [show details]
… the GlideScope appears to have the best results with a 78 percent first-attempt success rate compared with 68 percent for direct laryngoscopy in difficult airways (eg,… conservative evaluation or surgical exploration using an oblique (unilateral) or a collar incision (bilateral).… A partial carotid artery injury <25 percent the diameter of the vessel can be debrided and repaired using fine Prolene suture.…
5. 腹部大動脈瘤の血管内修復endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm [show details]
… is identified and the diameter of the dilated region is increased more than 50 percent relative to normal aortic diameter . The normal diameter of the aorta at the level… The first endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was performed in 1987 by Nicholas Volodos in Kiev .…