WordNet

of or relating to the corpus luteum
invest with or as with a body; give body to (同)personify
the external structure of a vehicle; "the body of the car was badly rusted"
the main mass of a thing
a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake" (同)dead body
the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire" (同)organic structure, physical structure
a collection of particulars considered as a system; "a body of law"; "a body of doctrine"; "a body of precedents"
a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; "the whole body filed out of the auditorium"; "the student body"; "administrative body"
an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"
the central message of a communication; "the body of the message was short"
cowardly or treacherous; "the little yellow stain of treason"-M.W.Straight; "too yellow to stand and fight"
turn yellow; "The pages of the book began to yellow"
yellow color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of sunflowers or ripe lemons (同)yellowness
changed to a yellowish color by age; "yellowed parchment" (同)yellowed
of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk (同)yellowish, xanthous
utter or declare in a very loud voice; "You dont have to yell--I can hear you just fine" (同)scream

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『身体』,肉体 / 〈C〉(人・動物の)『胴体』 / 〈C〉)物の)『主要部』,本体《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『団体』,群れ:(…のたくさんの)集まり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉物体,…体 / 〈U〉実質;(酒・味などの)こく / 〈C〉《話》人
『黄色の』 / 皮膚の黄色い / 《俗》おく病な(cowardly) / (新聞が)センセーショナルな,扇情的な / 〈U〉『黄色』 / 〈C〉黄色いもの;卵黄 / 〈U〉〈C〉黄色の絵の具(顔料,染料),黄色の服 / …‘を'黄色にする / 黄色になる
(…を求めて)『大声で叫ぶ』《+for+名》;(…に)大声をあげる《+at+名》 / (…に向かって)…‘を'叫んで(大声で)言う《+out+名(+名+out)+at(to)+名》 / 『叫び声』金切り声,わめき
《英話》人;(特に)男

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/02 17:42:25」(JST)

wiki en

The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body") (plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female mammals that is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone and moderate levels of estradiol and inhibin A. It is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen to inhibit further release of GnRH and thus secretion of LH and FSH.

Development and structure

The corpus luteum develops from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or estrous cycle, following the release of a secondary oocyte from the follicle during ovulation. The follicle first forms a corpus hemorrhagicum before it becomes a corpus luteum, but the term refers to the visible collection of blood left after rupture of the follicle that secretes progesterone. While the oocyte (later the zygote if fertilization occurs) traverses the Fallopian tube into the uterus, the corpus luteum remains in the ovary.

The corpus luteum is typically very large relative to the size of the ovary; in humans, the size of the structure ranges from under 2 cm to 5 cm in diameter.^[1]^[2]

Its cells develop from the follicular cells surrounding the ovarian follicle.^[3]

The development of the corpus luteum is accompanied by an increase in the level of the steroidogenic enzyme P450scc that converts cholesterol to pregnenolone in the mitochondria.^[4] Pregnenolone is then converted to progesterone that is secreted out of the cell and into the blood stream. During the bovine estrous cycle, plasma levels of progesterone increase in parallel to the levels of P450scc and its electron donor adrenodoxin, indicating that progesterone secretion is a result of enhanced expression of P450scc in the corpus luteum.^[4]

The mitochondrial P450 system electron transport chain including adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin has been shown to leak electrons leading to the formation of superoxide radical.^[5]^[6] Apparently to cope with the radicals produced by this system and by enhanced mitochondrial metabolism, the levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase also increase in parallel with the enhanced steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum.^[4]

Follicular structure	Luteal structure	Secretion
Theca cells	Theca lutein cells	androgens^[7], estrogen^[3](majority), and progesterone^[7]
Granulosa cells	Granulosa lutein cells	progesterone ^[3](majority), estrogen^[3], and inhibin A^[3]^[7]

Steroidogenesis, with progesterone in yellow field at upper center. The androgens are shown in blue field, and aromatase at lower center - the enzyme present in granulosa lutein cells that convert androgens into estrogens (shown in pink triangle).

Like the previous theca cells, the theca lutein cells lack the aromatase enzyme that is necessary to produce estrogen, so they can only perform steroidogenesis until formation of androgens.^[8] The granulosa lutein cells do have aromatase, and use it to produce estrogens, using the androgens previously synthesized by the theca lutein cells, as the granulosa lutein cells in themselves do not have the 17α-hydroxylase or 17,20 lyase to produce androgens.^[8]

Once the corpus luteum regressed the remnant is known as corpus albicans.^[9]

Function

The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively.

When egg is not fertilized

If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone and decays (after approximately 14 days in humans). It then degenerates into a corpus albicans, which is a mass of fibrous scar tissue.

The uterine lining sloughs off without progesterone and is expelled through the vagina (in humans and some great apes, which go through a menstrual cycle). In an estrous cycle, the lining degenerates back to normal size.

When egg is fertilized

If the egg is fertilized and implantation occurs, the syncytiotrophoblast (derived from trophoblast) cells of the blastocyst secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or a similar hormone in other species) by day 9 post-fertilization.

Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the corpus luteum to continue progesterone secretion, thereby maintaining the thick lining (endometrium) of the uterus and providing an area rich in blood vessels in which the zygote(s) can develop. From this point on, the corpus luteum is called the corpus luteum graviditatis.

The introduction of prostaglandins at this point causes the degeneration of the corpus luteum and the abortion of the fetus. However, in placental animals such as humans, the placenta eventually takes over progesterone production and the corpus luteum degrades into a corpus albicans without embryo/fetus loss.

Luteal support, on the other hand, is the administration of medication, generally progestins, for the purpose of increasing the success of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing the function of the corpus luteum.

Content of carotenoids

The yellow color and name of the corpus luteum, like that of the macula lutea of the retina, is due to its concentration of certain carotenoids, especially lutein. In 1968, a report indicated that beta-carotene was synthesized in laboratory conditions in slices of corpus luteum from cows. However, attempts have been made to replicate these findings, but have not succeeded. The idea is not presently accepted by the scientific community.^[10] Rather, the corpus luteum concentrates carotenoids from the diet of the mammal.

Additional images

Order of changes in ovary
Human ovary with fully developed corpus luteum
Luteinized follicular cyst. H&E stain.

External links

BU Histology Learning System: 18201loa
SUNY Labs 43:05-0106 – "The Female Pelvis: The Ovary"

References

^ "Corpus Luteum Cyst of Pregnancy". DrSpock.com. http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5335,00.html. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
^ Vegetti W, Alagna F (2006). "FSH and follucogenesis: from physiology to ovarian stimulation". Reproductive biomedicine Online. http://www.rbmonline.com/Article/2155. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Page 1159 in: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2004). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rapoport, R.; Sklan, D.; Wolfenson, D.; Shaham-Albalancy, A.; Hanukoglu, I. (Mar 1998). "Antioxidant capacity is correlated with steroidogenic status of the corpus luteum during the bovine estrous cycle.". Biochim Biophys Acta 1380 (1): 133-40. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00136-0. PMID 9545562.
^ Hanukoglu, I.; Rapoport, R.; Weiner, L.; Sklan, D. (Sep 1993). "Electron leakage from the mitochondrial NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase-adrenodoxin-P450scc (cholesterol side chain cleavage) system.". Arch Biochem Biophys 305 (2): 489-98. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1452. PMID 8396893.
^ Rapoport, R.; Sklan, D.; Hanukoglu, I. (Mar 1995). "Electron leakage from the adrenal cortex mitochondrial P450scc and P450c11 systems: NADPH and steroid dependence.". Arch Biochem Biophys 317 (2): 412-6. doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.1182. PMID 7893157.
^ ^a ^b ^c The IUPS Physiome Project --> Female Reproductive System – Cells Retrieved on Nov 9, 2009
^ ^a ^b Chapter 54, The Female Reproductive System > THE OVARIAN STEROIDS, in: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2004). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ [1]
^ Brian Davis. Carotenoid metabolism as a preparation for function. Pure & Applied Chemistry, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 131–140, 1991. available online. Accessed April 30, 2010.

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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「黄体」「luteal」
関連記事	「yellow」「body」

「黄体」

Corpus luteum
	x
	Section of the ovary. 1. Outer covering. 1’. Attached border. 2. Central stroma. 3. Peripheral stroma. 4. Bloodvessels. 5. Vesicular follicles in their earliest stage. 6, 7, 8. More advanced follicles. 9. An almost mature follicle. 9’. Follicle from which the ovum has escaped. 10. Corpus luteum.
Gray's	subject #266 1256

　　[★]

英: yellow body
ラ: corpus luteum(Z), (pl.)corpora lutea

概念

NGY 11,17改変

排卵後、卵胞の裂孔が血液で満たされ赤体となった後に血液が吸収され、リポイド色素によって肉眼的に黄色に見える黄体が形成される。排卵後1-4ないし2-3日で形成される。組織的には卵胞の顆粒膜細胞、内莢膜細胞が黄体化ホルモンの作用を受けて大型化した顆粒膜ルテイン細胞と比較的小さめの莢膜ルテイン細胞にそれぞれ変化した細胞から構成される。

分類

月経黄体：妊娠しない場合に形成され、約12日間持続した後に退縮し白体となる
妊娠黄体：妊娠が成立した場合に形成され、黄体機能は妊娠10～12週がピークとなり、出産後に退縮して白体となる。

機能

エストロゲンとプロゲステロンを分泌する。

「luteal」

　　[★]

adj.

黄体の

関: corpora lutea、corpus luteum、luteal body、yellow body

「yellow」

　　[★]

adj.

黄色の

関: xanthic、xantho

「body」

　　[★]

n.

体、本体、身体、ボディー

[drspock-0] "Corpus Luteum Cyst of Pregnancy". DrSpock.com. http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5335,00.html. Retrieved 2009-05-26.

[rbmonline-1] Vegetti W, Alagna F (2006). "FSH and follucogenesis: from physiology to ovarian stimulation". Reproductive biomedicine Online. http://www.rbmonline.com/Article/2155. Retrieved 2009-05-26.

[isbn1-4160-2328-3-page1159-2] Page 1159 in: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2004). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

[pmid9545562-3] Rapoport, R.; Sklan, D.; Wolfenson, D.; Shaham-Albalancy, A.; Hanukoglu, I. (Mar 1998). "Antioxidant capacity is correlated with steroidogenic status of the corpus luteum during the bovine estrous cycle.". Biochim Biophys Acta 1380 (1): 133-40. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00136-0. PMID 9545562.

[pmid8396893-4] Hanukoglu, I.; Rapoport, R.; Weiner, L.; Sklan, D. (Sep 1993). "Electron leakage from the mitochondrial NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase-adrenodoxin-P450scc (cholesterol side chain cleavage) system.". Arch Biochem Biophys 305 (2): 489-98. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1452. PMID 8396893.

[pmid7893157-5] Rapoport, R.; Sklan, D.; Hanukoglu, I. (Mar 1995). "Electron leakage from the adrenal cortex mitochondrial P450scc and P450c11 systems: NADPH and steroid dependence.". Arch Biochem Biophys 317 (2): 412-6. doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.1182. PMID 7893157.

[iups-6] The IUPS Physiome Project --> Female Reproductive System – Cells Retrieved on Nov 9, 2009

[Boron2004-Ch54-7] Chapter 54, The Female Reproductive System > THE OVARIAN STEROIDS, in: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2004). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

[8] [1]

[9] Brian Davis. Carotenoid metabolism as a preparation for function. Pure & Applied Chemistry, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 131–140, 1991. available online. Accessed April 30, 2010.

Corpus luteum

x

Section of the ovary. 1. Outer covering. 1’. Attached border. 2. Central stroma. 3. Peripheral stroma. 4. Bloodvessels. 5. Vesicular follicles in their earliest stage. 6, 7, 8. More advanced follicles. 9. An almost mature follicle. 9’. Follicle from which the ovum has escaped. 10. Corpus luteum.
Gray's	subject #266 1256

匿名

検索

案内

案内

yellow body