wrist pin

　

WordNet

1. pin joining a piston to a connecting rod (同)gudgeon pin
2. pierce with a pin; "pin down the butterfly"
3. flagpole used to mark the position of the hole on a golf green (同)flag
4. cylindrical tumblers consisting of two parts that are held in place by springs; when they are aligned with a key the bolt can be thrown (同)pin tumbler
5. a piece of jewelry that is pinned onto the wearers garment
6. a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things
7. informal terms for the leg; "fever left him weak on his sticks" (同)peg, stick
8. attach or fasten with pins or as if with pins; "pin the needle to the shirt". "pin the blame on the innocent man"
9. immobilize a piece
10. the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle; approximately equal to 3.14159265358979323846...
11. the 16th letter of the Greek alphabet
12. a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones (同)carpus, wrist_joint, radiocarpal joint, articulatio radiocarpea
13. a feeling of deep longing

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『ピン』・留め針・《しばしば複合語を作って》ピンの働きをする物 / (留め針の付いた)『記章』,『バッジ』 / (木・プラスチック・金属などの)留めくぎ,掛けくぎ(peg);(弦楽器の)糸巻き / 《複数形で》《英話》脚(legs) / 《a~》《否定文で》ほんのわずか / (ゴルフ・ボウリングの)ピン / (…に)…‘を'『ピンで留める』《+『名』+『to』(『on』)+『名』》 / (人・物事に)〈望み・信頼など〉‘を'かける《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)…‘を'動けなくする《+『名』+『against』(『to, under』)+『名』》 / 《話》〈罪・過失など〉‘を'(人の)せいだとする《+『名』+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
2. 〈C〉パイ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第16字Π,π;英語のP,pに相当) / 〈U〉円周率(記号はπ)
3. ごちゃまぜの活字 / ごちゃまぜ,混乱
4. 手首関節;(シャツなどの)そで口

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/24 01:24:16」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Gudgeon pin connection at connecting rod. Gudgeon pin fits into gudgeons inside piston.

In internal combustion engines, the gudgeon pin (UK, wrist pin US) connects the piston to the connecting rod and provides a bearing for the connecting rod to pivot upon as the piston moves. In very early engine designs (including those driven by steam and also many very large stationary or marine engines), the gudgeon pin is located in a sliding crosshead that connects to the piston via a rod. A gudgeon is a pivot or journal. The origin of the word gudgeon is the Middle English word gojoun, which originated from the Middle French word goujon. Its first known use was in the 15th century.

Overview

The gudgeon pin is typically a forged short hollow rod made of a steel alloy of high strength and hardness that may be physically separated from both the connecting rod and piston or crosshead. The design of the gudgeon pin, especially in the case of small, high-revving automotive engines is challenging. The gudgeon pin has to operate under some of the highest temperatures experienced in the engine, with difficulties in lubrication due to its location, while remaining small and light so as to fit into the piston diameter and not unduly add to the reciprocating mass. The requirements for lightness and compactness demand a small diameter rod that is subject to heavy shear and bending loads, with some of the highest pressure loadings of any bearing in the whole engine. To overcome these problems, the materials used to make the gudgeon pin and the way it is manufactured are amongst the most highly engineered of any mechanical component found in internal combustion engines.

Design options

Gudgeon pins use two broad design configurations: semi-floating and fully floating.

Semi-floating

In the semi-floating configuration, the pin is usually fixed relative to the piston by an interference fit with the journal in the piston. (This replaced the earlier set screw method.) The connecting rod small end bearing thus acts as the bearing alone. In this configuration, only the small end bearing requires a bearing surface, if any. If needed, this is provided by either electroplating the small end bearing journal with a suitable metal, or more usually by inserting a sleeve bearing or needle bearing into the eye of the small end, which has an interference fit with the aperture of the small end. During overhaul, it is usually possible to replace this bearing sleeve if it is badly worn. The reverse configuration, fixing the gudgeon pin to the connecting rod instead of to the piston, is implemented using an interference fit with the small end eye instead, with the gudgeon pin journals in the piston functioning as bearings. This arrangement is usually more difficult to manufacture and service because two bearing surfaces or inserted sleeves complicate the design. In addition, the pin must be precisely set so that the small end eye is central. Because of thermal expansion considerations, this arrangement was more usual for single-cylinder engines as opposed to multiple cylinder engines with long cylinder blocks and crankcases, until precision manufacturing became more commonplace.

Fully floating

In the fully floating configuration, a bearing surface is created both between the small end eye and gudgeon pin and the journal in the piston. The gudgeon pins are usually secured with circlips. No interference fit is used in any instance and the pin 'floats' entirely on bearing surfaces. The average rubbing speed of each of the three bearings is halved and the load is shared across a bearing that is usually about three times the length of the semi-floating design with an interference fit with the piston.

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• A novel method to replicate the kinematics of the carpus using a six degree-of-freedom robot.

• Fraysse F1, Costi JJ2, Stanley RM2, Ding B3, McGuire D4, Eng K4, Bain GI5, Thewlis D6.
• Journal of biomechanics.J Biomech.2014 Mar 21;47(5):1091-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.12.033. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
• Understanding the kinematics of the carpus is essential to the understanding and treatment of wrist pathologies. However, many of the previous techniques presented are limited by non-functional motion or the interpolation of points from static images at different postures. We present a method that h
• PMID 24461354

• Retrospective comparison of external fixation versus volar locking plate in the treatment of unstable intra-articular distal radius fractures.

• Kumbaraci M1, Kucuk L, Karapinar L, Kurt C, Coskunol E.
• European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopédie traumatologie.Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol.2014 Feb;24(2):173-8. doi: 10.1007/s00590-012-1155-0. Epub 2013 Feb 16.
• The aim of this study is to compare the radiological and functional outcomes of open reduction and volar locking plates versus external fixation (EF) in the treatment of unstable intra-articular distal radius fractures. In this retrospective comparative study, 69 of 80 patients who underwent an oper
• PMID 23417090

• Important anatomical relationships of the posterior interosseous nerve in the distal forearm for surgical planning: a cadaveric study.

• Jariwala A1, Krishnan B1, Soames R2, Wigderowitz CA1.
• Journal of wrist surgery.J Wrist Surg.2014 Feb;3(1):60-3. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1365828.
• A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the terminal branch of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) and its relationship to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) is essential in facilitating regional anesthetic blocks and planning surgical exposures for wrist surgery and arthrodesis of wrist and pr
• PMID 24533249

Japanese Journal

• ピストンピン/ピンボス軸受間摩擦力測定に関する研究

• 樋笠 惟人,伊東 明美,河野 佳介 [他]
• 自動車技術会論文集 42(2), 391-396, 2011-03
• NAID 40018772958

• ピンコネクタ差し込み作業における作業位置と身体負担の関係(理論・技術)

• 大塚 真言,西村 崇宏,瀬尾 明彦,土井 幸輝
• 日本経営工学会論文誌 61(5), 275-283, 2010-12-15
• 本研究では,ピンコネクタ差し込み作業においてソケットコネクタ設置位置に着目して,作業位置と身体負担の関係を明らかにし,身体負担の少ない作業位置の検討に供することを目的とした.被験者として10名の健常な男子学生に協力してもらい,コネクタまでの水平距離2条件,設置高さ3条件の計6条件をソケットコネクタ設置位置として実験を行った.また,力覚センサ・3次元姿勢計測装置を用いた操作力および関節トルク推定,筋 …
• NAID 10027761503

Related Links

• Gudgeon pin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In internal combustion engines, the gudgeon pin (UK, wrist pin US) connects the piston to the connecting rod and provides a bearing for the connecting rod to pivot upon as the piston moves. In very early engine designs (including those driven ...

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