WordNet

pull back or move away or backward; "The enemy withdrew"; "The limo pulled away from the curb" (同)retreat, pull away, draw back, recede, pull_back, retire, move back
remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); "She drew $2,000 from the account"; "The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospitals emergency bank" (同)draw, take_out, draw_off
the termination of drug taking (同)drug_withdrawal
the act of ceasing to participate in an activity
the act of taking out money or other capital
the act of withdrawing blood, tumors, etc.; "the nurse was expert at the withdrawal of blood"
the act of withdrawing; "the withdrawal of French troops from Vietnam"
a retraction of a previously held position (同)backdown, climb-down
avoiding emotional involvement (同)detachment
an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
(of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…から)…‘を'『引っ込める』《+名+from+名》 / (…から)…‘の'身を引かせる,‘を'退かせる《+名+from+名》 / (…から)…‘を'引き出す,回収する《+名+from+名》 / 〈申し出・約束など〉‘を'取り消す,撤回する / 『引き下がる』;(…から,…へ)退く《+from(into)+名》 / (…から)身を引く《+from+名(doing)》 / よける,身をかわす / 取り消す,撤回する
引っ込めること,引っ込むこと,退くこと / 引き上げ,回収 / 取り消し,撤回
反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/25 10:57:48」(JST)

wiki en

The withdrawal reflex (nociceptive or flexor withdrawal reflex) is a spinal reflex intended to protect the body from damaging stimuli.^[1] It is polysynaptic; causing stimulation of sensory-, association-, and motor neurons.^[1]

Example

When a person touches a hot object and withdraws their hand from it without actively thinking about it, the heat stimulates temperature and danger receptors in the skin, triggering a sensory impulse that travels to the central nervous system. The sensory neuron then synapses with interneurons that connect to motor neurons.^[2] Some of these send motor impulses to the flexors that lead to the muscles in the arm to contract, while some motor neurons send inhibitory impulses to the extensors so flexion is not inhibited. This is referred to as reciprocal innervation.^[3]

Crossed extension reflex following withdrawal reflex

Once a danger receptor (called 'nociceptor') has been stimulated, the signal travels via the sensory nerve to the dorsal (posterior) horn of the spinal cord. The nerve synapses with ipsilateral motor neurons that exit the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord and work to pull the soon-to-be injured body part away from danger within 0.5 seconds. ^[1] At the same time, the sensory neuron synapses with the ipsilateral motor neuron, as well as the motor neuron in the contralateral anterior horn.^[3] This motor neuron stabilizes the uninjured side of the body (for instance; preparing the other leg to support the entire body weight when the other foot has stepped on a tack). At the same time as these two synapses, the sensory neuron also sends signals along the spinal cord to get motor neurons to contract muscles that shift the center of gravity of the body to maintain balance. This contralateral stimulation of motor neurons to stabilize the body is called the crossed extension reflex, and is a result of the withdrawal reflex (usually in the lower extremities).^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Solomon; Schmidt (1990). "13". In Carol, Field. Human Anatomy & physiology (2 ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 470. ISBN 0-03-011914-6.
^ Thibodeau, Gary; Patton, Kevin (2000). "7". In Schrefer, Sally. Structure & Function of the Body (11 ed.). Mosby, Inc. p. 170. ISBN 0-323-01082-2.
^ ^a ^b Seeley, Rod; Stephens, Trent; Philip Tate (1992). Allen, Deborah, ed. Anatomy and physiology (2 ed.). Mosby-Year Book, Inc.
^ Anatomy and Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function by Ken Saladin. Pg 505-506.

External links

Ole K. Andersen, SMI, Aalborg University - Physiological and Pharmacological modulation of the human nociceptive withdrawal reflex

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