winnow

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. blow on; "The wind was winnowing her hair"; "the wind winnowed the grass"
2. blow away or off with a current of air; "winnow chaff"
3. the act of separating grain from chaff; "the winnowing was done by women" (同)winnowing, sifting
4. separate the chaff from by using air currents; "She stood there winnowing chaff all day in the field" (同)fan

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (もみがらを取り除くために)〈穀物〉‘を'吹き分ける / (穀物から)〈もみがら〉‘を'吹き飛ばす《+away(out)+名+from+名》 / 《文》…‘を'ふるいにかける;(…から)…‘を'えり分ける,識別する《+名+from+名》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/28 06:27:46」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the algorithm, see Winnow (algorithm). For the sound made by snipe in courtship display, see Drumming (snipe). For natural sediment separation, see Winnowing (sedimentology).

Winnowing is not to be confused with windrowing.

Rice winnowing, Uttarakhand, India

Winnowing in a Dalit village in Tamil Nadu, India

Use of winnowing forks

Wind winnowing is an agricultural method developed by ancient cultures for separating grain from chaff. It is also used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain. Threshing, the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw, is the step in the chaff-removal process that comes before winnowing.

In its simplest form it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff, while the heavier grains fall back down for recovery. Techniques included using a winnowing fan (a shaped basket shaken to raise the chaff) or using a tool (a winnowing fork or shovel) on a pile of harvested grain.

In Greek culture

The winnowing-fan (λίκνον [líknon], also meaning a "cradle") featured in the rites accorded Dionysus and in the Eleusinian Mysteries: "it was a simple agricultural implement taken over and mysticised by the religion of Dionysus," Jane Ellen Harrison remarked. Dionysus Liknites ("Dionysus of the winnowing fan") was wakened by the Dionysian women, in this instance called Thyiades, in a cave on Parnassus high above Delphi; the winnowing-fan links the god connected with the mystery religions to the agricultural cycle, but mortal Greek babies too were laid in a winnowing-fan. In Callimachus' Hymn to Zeus, Adrasteia lays the infant Zeus in a golden líknon, her goat suckles him and he is given honey.

In the Odyssey, the dead oracle Teiresias tells Odysseus to walk away from Ithaca with an oar until a wayfarer tells him it is a winnowing fan (i.e., until Odysseus has come so far from the sea that people don't recognize oars), and there to build a shrine to Poseidon.

In China

Chinese rotary fan winnowing machine, from the Tiangong Kaiwu encyclopedia (1637)

Further information: Agriculture in China

In Ancient China the method was improved by mechanisation with the development of the rotary winnowing fan, which used a cranked fan to produce the airstream. This was featured in Wang Zhen's book the Nong Shu of 1313 AD.

In the Old Testament

In the Old Testament the word winnow is used in several verses in different books in the New International Version while other versions of the bible translate the action as "fan", "throw" or the separating tool as "pitchfork", "shovel", "winnowing fan", or "winnowing instrument".

Ruth 3:2 "Now Boaz, with whose women you have worked, is a relative of ours. Tonight he will be winnowing barley on the threshing floor."

Proverbs 20:8 "When a king sits on his throne to judge, he winnows out all evil with his eyes."

Proverbs 20:26 "A wise king winnows out the wicked; he drives the threshing wheel over them."

Isaiah 41:16 "You will winnow them, the wind will pick them up, and a gale will blow them away. But you will rejoice in the Lord and glory in the Holy One of Israel."

Jeremiah 4:11 "At that time this people and Jerusalem will be told, “A scorching wind from the barren heights in the desert blows toward my people, but not to winnow or cleanse;"

Jeremiah 15:7 "I will winnow them with a winnowing fork at the city gates of the land. I will bring bereavement and destruction on my people, for they have not changed their ways."

Jeremiah 51:2 "I will send foreigners to Babylon to winnow her and to devastate her land; they will oppose her on every side in the day of her disaster."

In the New Testament

In Matthew 3:12, a sentence introduces the separation of wheat and chaff (good and bad) by "His winnowing fan is in his hand" (American Standard Bible and New American Bible translation). The New International Version, the New Revised Standard Version and the New American Standard Bible translate the term as "winnowing fork"; the Holman Christian Standard Bible translates it as "winnowing shovel".

In Europe

Le vanneur (The Winnower) by Jean-François Millet, a 19th-century depiction of winnowing by fan

In Saxon settlements such as one identified in Northumberland as Bede's Ad Gefrin (now called Yeavering) the buildings were shown by an excavator's reconstruction to have opposed entries. In barns a draught created by the use of these opposed doorways was used in winnowing.

The technique developed by the Chinese was not adopted in Europe until the 18th century, when winnowing machines used a 'sail fan'. The rotary winnowing fan was exported to Europe, brought there by Dutch sailors between 1700 and 1720. Apparently they had obtained them from the Dutch settlement of Batavia in Java, Dutch East Indies. The Swedes imported some from south China at about the same time and Jesuits had taken several to France from China by 1720. Until the beginning of the 18th century, no rotary winnowing fans existed in the West.

In the United States

The development of the winnowing barn allowed rice plantations in South Carolina to increase their yields dramatically.

Mechanization of the process

Winnowing machine from 1839

In 1737 Andrew Rodger, a farmer on the estate of Cavers in Roxburghshire, developed a winnowing machine for corn, called a 'Fanner'. These were successful and the family sold them throughout Scotland for many years. Some Scottish Presbyterian ministers saw the fanners as sins against God, for wind was a thing specially made by him and an artificial wind was a daring and impious attempt to usurp what belonged to God alone. As the Industrial Revolution, the winnowing process was mechanized by the invention of additional winnowing machines, such as fanning mills.

See also

• Threshing
• Rice huller
• Rice pounder
• Sieving
• Winnowing Oar
• Winnowing (sedimentology)
• Winnowing machine

References

External links

The dictionary definition of winnowing at Wiktionary

English Journal

• Brief approaches to developmental-behavioral promotion in primary care: updates on methods and technology.

• Glascoe FP1, Trimm F2.
• Pediatrics.Pediatrics.2014 May;133(5):884-97. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1859.
• Well-child visits are a critical opportunity to promote learning and development, encourage positive parenting practices, help children acquire behavioral self-control, enhance the development and well-being of children and their families, identify problems not amenable to brief in-office counseling
• PMID 24777220

• Strategies for identifying new prions in yeast.

• MacLea KS1, Ross ED.
• Prion.Prion.2011 Oct-Dec;5(4):263-8. doi: 10.4161/pri.17918. Epub 2011 Oct 1.
• The unexpected discovery of two prions, [URE3] and [PSI+], in Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to questions about how many other proteins could undergo similar prion-based structural conversions. However, [URE3] and [PSI+] were discovered by serendipity in genetic screens. Cataloging the full range of p
• PMID 22052351

• The innovation catalysts.

• Martin RL.
• Harvard business review.Harv Bus Rev.2011 Jun;89(6):82-7, 136.
• A few years ago the software development company Intuit realized that it needed a new approach to galvanizing customers. The company's Net Promoter Score was faltering, and customer recommendations of new products were especially disappointing. Intuit decided to hold a two-day, off-site meeting for
• PMID 21714388

• Classifying large chemical data sets: using a regularized potential function method.

• Mussa HY1, Hawizy L, Nigsch F, Glen RC.
• Journal of chemical information and modeling.J Chem Inf Model.2011 Jan 24;51(1):4-14. doi: 10.1021/ci100022u. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
• In recent years classifiers generated with kernel-based methods, such as support vector machines (SVM), Gaussian processes (GP), regularization networks (RN), and binary kernel discrimination (BKD) have been very popular in chemoinformatics data analysis. Aizerman et al. were the first to introduce
• PMID 21155612

Japanese Journal

• 西日本における竹箕の製作技術と分析視点--「竹箕」と「藤箕」をめぐって

• 民具研究 (139), 16-34, 2009-03
• NAID 40016678317

• 粒子間・粒子-気流間の相互作用を考慮した風選別メカニズムの解析(第1報) : 籾・藁の分散特性

• 農業機械學會誌 70(1), 65-71, 2008-01-01
• NAID 10020023903

• Combining partial rules and winnow algorithm : Results on classification of dopamine antagonist molecules

• The Third Internation Workshop on Active Mining, 2004, 2004
• NAID 10014960706

• Text chunking based on a generalization of winnow

• Journal of Machine Larning Research 2, 615-637, 2002
• NAID 30022262713

Related Links

• WinNow | Facebook

WinNow. 1,754 likes. WinNow are a uk-based competitions website offering users the opportunity to win a wide range of hot prizes from beauty and cosmetics through to cold hard cash!

• winnowの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

winnowとは。意味や和訳。[動](他)1 〈穀物などを〉ふるい分ける；〈もみがら・ごみなどを〉（穀物から）あおぎ[吹き]飛ばす((from ...)).2 …を選び出す, ふるいにかける；((文))…を（…と）区別[識別]する((out, downfrom ...))winnow ...

• Winnow - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster ...

Learn More About WINNOW Spanish Central Translation: "winnow" in Spanish Browse Next Word in the Dictionary: winnowing basket Previous Word in the Dictionary: winnock All Words Near: winnow Seen & Heard What made you ...

Related Pictures