同: WRC

WordNet

separate dirt or gravel from (precious minerals)
cleanse (ones body) with soap and water (同)lave
form by erosion; "The river washed a ravine into the mountainside"
to cleanse (itself or another animal) by licking; "The cat washes several times a day"
a watercolor made by applying a series of monochrome washes one over the other (同)wash_drawing
the work of cleansing (usually with soap and water) (同)washing, lavation
a thin coat of water-base paint
any enterprise in which losses and gains cancel out; "at the end of the year the accounting department showed that it was a wash"
the dry bed of an intermittent stream (as at the bottom of a canyon) (同)dry wash
cleanse with a cleaning agent, such as soap, and water; "Wash the towels, please!" (同)launder
clean with some chemical process (同)rinse
remove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent; "he washed the dirt from his coat"; "The nurse washed away the blood"; "Can you wash away the spots on the windows?"; "he managed to wash out the stains" (同)wash_out, wash off, wash_away
admit to testing or proof; "This silly excuse wont wash in traffic court"
apply a thin coating of paint, metal, etc., to
be capable of being washed; "Does this material wash?"
move by or as if by water; "The swollen river washed away the footbridge"
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies (同)reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet
red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood (同)redness
the syllable naming the second (supertonic) note of any major scale in solmization (同)ray
wet as from washing; sometimes used in combination; "rain-washed"
clean by virtue of having been washed in water (同)water-washed

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'洗う,洗濯する / 〈汚れ・しみなど〉‘を'『洗い落とす』《+名+away(off, out),+away(off, out)+名》;(…から)…‘を'洗い落とす《+名+off(out of)+名》 / 〈人・舟・家屋など〉‘を'『洗い流す』,押し流す《+名+away(along,down,up),+away(along,down,up)+名》,(…から)…‘を'洗い流す《+名+off(away from)+名》 / 〈波などが〉〈岸など〉‘を'『洗う』,‘に'打ち寄せる;〈雨などが〉…‘を'ぬらす,うるおす / (塗料などで)…‘を'薄く塗る;…‘を'メッキする《+名+with+名》 / 〈雨水などが〉…‘を'浸食する《+名+away(out),+away(out)+名》;〈雨だれなどが〉〈穴など》‘を'うがつ / (特に手・顔・体を)『洗う』 / 『洗濯する』 / 〈布地が〉洗濯がきく;〈洗剤などが〉よごれを落とす;〈しみなどが〉洗って落ちる《+off(out);(…から)〈しみなどが〉洗って落ちる《+off(out of)+名》 / 〈波などが〉(…に)『打ち寄せる』,(…を)洗う《+against(over)+名》 / 〈U〉《しばしば a~》『洗うこと』,洗濯 / 〈U〉《時に a~》《集合的に》(一度の洗濯の)『洗い物』,洗濯物 / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしば複合語を作って》洗い薬,洗浄剤;(…のための)洗い薬《+for+名》 / 〈U〉《the~》(波の)打ち寄せ,(波の)打ち寄る音《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(絵の具・塗料などの)薄い一塗り;薄いメッキ / 〈U〉(船のあとに引く)白波,航跡;(飛行機などのあとに残る)気流の渦 / 洗濯のきく
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
〈U〉〈C〉『赤,』『赤色;』赤い絵の具(染料) / 〈U〉赤い服 / 〈C〉《しばしば『R-』》《話》《時に軽べつして》アカ,共産主義者;過激論(主義)者 / 〈U〉《通例the ~》(会計の)赤字,負債 / 『赤い』,赤色の / (顔・目などが)赤くなった;血に染った / 赤い服を着た;赤毛の / 《しばしば『R-』》《話》《軽べつして》共産主義の;過激な
レ(全音階の第2音)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 輸血への赤血球使用 use of red blood cells for transfusion
2. 術中および術後の血液回収 intraoperative and postoperative blood salvage
3. 心因性紫斑病（ガードナーダイヤモンド症候群） psychogenic purpura gardner diamond syndrome
4. 適合性試験 compatibility testing
5. 成人における赤血球輸血の適応 indications for red cell transfusion in the adult

English Journal

Methylglyoxal concentrations differ in standard and washed neonatal packed red blood cells.

Kiefer AS1, Fleming T2, Eckert GJ3, Poindexter BB1, Nawroth PP2, Yoder MC1.Author information 1Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.2Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.3Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.AbstractBackground:Preterm infants have a greater risk of necrotizing enterocolitis following transfusion. It is hypothesized that high glucose concentrations in red blood cell (RBC) preservatives lead to increased methylglyoxal (MG) metabolism, causing glycation-driven damage to transfused RBCs. Such changes to the RBCs could promote a proinflammatory state in transfusion recipients.Methods:Standard and washed RBCs in Adsol-3, two common neonatal preparations, were studied. Consecutive measurements were performed of glucose, MG, reduced glutathione, glyoxalase I activity (GLO-I), and d-lactate, the stable end product of MG detoxification by glyoxalase enzymes over the 42-d storage period.Results:RBC units consume glucose and produce d-lactate and MG during storage. In 28/30 units, the MG concentrations showed only small variations during storage. Two units had elevated MG levels (>10 pmol/mg Hb) during the first half of storage. Washing of the RBCs significantly reduced both MG and d-lactate.Conclusion:This study shows two patterns of MG metabolism in packed RBCs for neonatal transfusion and raises the possibility that RBC units with higher MG levels may have increased glycation-driven damage in the transfused RBCs. Whether transfused MG could trigger an inflammatory response such as necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates and whether washing could prevent this require further study.
Pediatric research.Pediatr Res.2014 Mar;75(3):409-14. doi: 10.1038/pr.2013.243. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
Background:Preterm infants have a greater risk of necrotizing enterocolitis following transfusion. It is hypothesized that high glucose concentrations in red blood cell (RBC) preservatives lead to increased methylglyoxal (MG) metabolism, causing glycation-driven damage to transfused RBCs. Such chang
PMID 24346110

Washing older blood units before transfusion reduces plasma iron and improves outcomes in experimental canine pneumonia.

Cortés-Puch I1, Wang D, Sun J, Solomon SB, Remy KE, Fernandez M, Feng J, Kanias T, Bellavia L, Sinchar D, Perlegas A, Solomon MA, Kelley WE, Popovsky MA, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB, Klein HG, Natanson C.Author information 1Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD;AbstractIn a randomized controlled blinded trial, 2-year-old purpose-bred beagles (n = 24), with Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, were exchanged-transfused with either 7- or 42-day-old washed or unwashed canine universal donor blood (80 mL/kg in 4 divided doses). Washing red cells (RBC) before transfusion had a significantly different effect on canine survival, multiple organ injury, plasma iron, and cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) levels depending on the age of stored blood (all, P < .05 for interactions). Washing older units of blood improved survival rates, shock score, lung injury, cardiac performance and liver function, and reduced levels of non-transferrin bound iron and plasma labile iron. In contrast, washing fresh blood worsened all these same clinical parameters and increased CFH levels. Our data indicate that transfusion of fresh blood, which results in less hemolysis, CFH, and iron release, is less toxic than transfusion of older blood in critically ill infected subjects. However, washing older blood prevented elevations in plasma circulating iron and improved survival and multiple organ injury in animals with an established pulmonary infection. Our data suggest that fresh blood should not be washed routinely because, in a setting of established infection, washed RBC are prone to release CFH and result in worsened clinical outcomes.
Blood.Blood.2014 Feb 27;123(9):1403-11. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-539353. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
In a randomized controlled blinded trial, 2-year-old purpose-bred beagles (n = 24), with Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, were exchanged-transfused with either 7- or 42-day-old washed or unwashed canine universal donor blood (80 mL/kg in 4 divided doses). Washing red cells (RBC) before transfusion h
PMID 24366359

Red blood cell transfusions for thalassemia: results of a survey assessing current practice and proposal of evidence-based guidelines.

Goss C1, Giardina P, Degtyaryova D, Kleinert D, Sheth S, Cushing M.Author information 1Departments of Transfusion Medicine and Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.AbstractBACKGROUND: In the absence of curative treatment, such as stem cell transplant, regular transfusions remain the mainstay of therapy for individuals with thalassemia major, a syndrome that results from marked ineffective erythropoiesis and the resultant anemia. The primary objectives of transfusion therapy are twofold: to suppress ineffective erythropoiesis and to ensure appropriate growth and development through childhood. In practice, a number of different transfusion protocols are in use across the developed world, with on-demand transfusion still being the paradigm in most of the developing world with limited resources.
Transfusion.Transfusion.2014 Feb 24. doi: 10.1111/trf.12571. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: In the absence of curative treatment, such as stem cell transplant, regular transfusions remain the mainstay of therapy for individuals with thalassemia major, a syndrome that results from marked ineffective erythropoiesis and the resultant anemia. The primary objectives of transfusion t
PMID 24611697

Japanese Journal

胆嚢十二指腸瘻に対し合併症なく手術を行えた発作性夜間血色素尿症の１例

加藤卓也,松川啓義,塩崎滋弘,藤智和,藤原康宏,二宮基樹
岡山医学会雑誌 127(1), 35-39, 2015-04-01
… The prevention of the development of acidosis and hypoxemia, the selection of washed red blood cells, steroid use, appropriate infection measures and thrombosis prophylaxis are all important for the prevention of complications. …
NAID 120005600979

胆嚢十二指腸瘻に対し合併症なく手術を行えた発作性夜間血色素尿症の１例

加藤卓也,松川啓義,塩崎滋弘,藤智和,藤原康宏,二宮基樹
岡山医学会雑誌 127(1), 35-39, 2015
… The prevention of the development of acidosis and hypoxemia, the selection of washed red blood cells, steroid use, appropriate infection measures and thrombosis prophylaxis are all important for the prevention of complications. …
NAID 130005068351

INTRAOPERATIVE AUTOLOGOUS CELL SALVAGE CAN INDUCE COAGULOPATHY IN CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS SURGERY : AN EX-VIVO STUDY

Ogasawara Takashi,Minakawa Masahito,Kondo Norihiro [他],Suzuki Yasuyuki,Fukuda Ikuo
弘前医学 66(1), 8-14, 2015
… Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of washed salvaged red blood cells on hemostasis in open heart surgery using the cardiopulmonary bypass（ CPB）. … Conclusions: This ex-vivo study using ROTEM® suggested that the perioperative administration of washed salvagedred blood cells might have a potential to induce coagulopathy in cardiac surgery using the CPB. …
NAID 120005606070