adv.

すなわち、換言すれば

関: i.e.、id est、in other words、namely

WordNet

as follows (同)viz., that is to say, to wit, videlicet
that is to say; in other words (同)ie, id_est

PrepTutorEJDIC

すなわち
『すなわち』,つまり(that is to say)
id est
verb / verso / 《話》very / velocity / volt[s] / volume / vide

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/12 16:18:06」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Look up viz. or videlicet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Viz. (also rendered viz without a full stop) and the adverb videlicet are used as synonyms for "namely", "that is to say", and "as follows".

Etymology

Viz. is the medieval scribal abbreviation for videlicet; it specifically uses a Tironian abbreviation. It comprises the letters v and i followed by ⁊,^[1]^{[note 1]} the common Medieval Latin contraction for et and -et. It has been included in Unicode since version 5.1. The current use of ⁊ to also mean "and" (regardless of what word means "and" in the text's language) is the only other case of remaining usage of any Tironian abbreviation.

Usage

Viz. is an abbreviation of videlicet, which itself is a contraction from Latin of "videre licet" meaning "it is permitted to see".^[2]^[3]^[4] Both forms introduce a specification or description of something stated earlier; this is often a list preceded by a colon (:). Although both forms survived in English, viz. is far more common than videlicet.

In contradistinction to i.e. and e.g., viz. is used to indicate a detailed description of something stated before, and when it precedes a list of group members, it implies (near) completeness.

Viz. is usually read aloud as "that is", "namely", or "to wit",^[5] but is sometimes pronounced as it is spelt, viz.: /ˈvɪz/.

Videlicet is pronounced /vɪˈdɛlɨsɛt/ or /wɪˈdeɪlɨkɛt/.^[5]

A similar expression is scilicet, abbreviated as sc., which is Latin for "it is permitted to know". Sc. provides a parenthetic clarification, removes an ambiguity, or supplies a word omitted in preceding text, while viz. is usually used to elaborate or detail text which precedes it. In legal usage, scilicet appears abbreviated as ss. or, in a caption, as §, where it provides a statement of venue^{[clarification needed]} and is read as "to wit".^[6] Scilicet can be read as "namely", "to wit", or "that is to say", or pronounced /ˈsɪlɨsɛt/ or /ˈskiːlɨkɛt/.^[7]

Examples

The main point of his speech, viz. that our attitude was in fact harmful, was not understood.
"My grandfather had four sons who grew up, viz.: Thomas, John, Benjamin and Josiah."^[8]
The noble gases, viz., helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, and radon, show an unexpected behavior when exposed to this new element.

References

^ Brewer, Ebenezer (1970). Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. New York: Harper & Row. p. 1132.
^ OED
^ The New Fowler's Modern English Usage (revised third edition, 1998), pp. 825, 828.
^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917
^ ^a ^b AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917.
^ Black's Law Dictionary (sixth edition, 1990), p. 1403.
^ AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1560.
^ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg.

Notes

^ According to E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897), Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, the same abbreviation mark was used for "habet" and "omnibus".

English Journal

Antibacterial and antimutagenic activities of novel zerumbone analogues.

Santosh Kumar SC, Srinivas P, Negi PS, Bettadaiah BK.SourceDepartment of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 Nov 15;141(2):1097-103. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.021. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
Zerumbone, the key constituent of Zingiber zerumbet Smith, is a very important bioactive phytochemical. Two new compounds viz. azazerumbone 1 and azazerumbone 2 were synthesised by ZnCl2-catalysed Beckmann rearrangement of the zerumbone oxime. The structure elucidation of these analogues of zerumbon
PMID 23790891

Antioxidant activity of sugarcane molasses against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced peroxyl radicals.

Asikin Y, Takahashi M, Mishima T, Mizu M, Takara K, Wada K.SourceUnited Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 Nov 1;141(1):466-72. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.045. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
Sugarcane molasses is a rich source of antioxidant materials with peroxyl radical scavenging effects. To explore the potent antioxidant activity of sugarcane molasses against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced peroxyl radicals, 7 methanolic fractions of sugarcane molasses (
PMID 23768381

Autocrine IL-8 and VEGF mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness via p38/JNK-ATF-2 signalling in A549 lung cancer cells.

Desai S, Laskar S, Pandey BN.SourceRadiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2013 Sep;25(9):1780-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.025. Epub 2013 May 25.
Soluble factors in tumour microenvironment play a major role in modulating the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Herein, we investigated the effect of autocrine cytokines and growth factors in the form of self-conditioned medium (CM) on A549 lung carcinoma cells. We demonstrated that CM induced
PMID 23714383

Japanese Journal

Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship Analysis between Red Jungle Fowl and Domestic Chicken using AFLP Markers

, , , , ,
The Journal of Poultry Science 52(2), 94-100, 2015
… Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among 76 birds belonging to Indian Red Jungle Fowl (RJF) and three domestic chicken breeds viz. …
NAID 130005068572

Standardization of process parameters for imparting bulkiness in bivoltine raw silk by chemical treatment using Box - Behnken experimental methodology

,
日本シルク学会誌 23(0), 11-16, 2015
… Using the Box-behnken method experimental design in which 27 different combinations are formed to standardize the process variables viz., twist levels, chemical treatment temperatures, durations and chemical concentrations. …
NAID 130005066405

Production of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Rich Mustard Oil Using Packed Bed Bioreactor

, , [他],
Journal of Oleo Science 64(2), 153-159, 2015
… A comparative study was done on the production of different medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) rich mustard oil using a stirred tank batchreactor (STBR) and packed bed bio reactor (PBBR) using three commercially available immobilised lipases viz. …
NAID 130004800109

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「namely」「i.e.」「換言すれば」「id est」「in other words」
関連記事	「vi」

「namely」

　　[★]

adv.

すなわち

Several factors may however interfere with this timing, namely missed diagnosis and preoperative complications, such as multiorgan failure, renal failure, active infection, severe acidosis or subarachnoidian haemorrahage, that postpone the procedure until the clinical condition is more stable.

関: i.e., id est, viz.

「i.e.」

　　[★]

ラ: id est

すなわち、言い換えれば(that is to say/that is)

関: id est、in other words、namely、viz.

「換言すれば」

　　[★]

英

in other words

(idiom)in other words、viz.、i.e.、id est

関: すなわち

「id est」

　　[★]

adv.

すなわち、換言すれば

関: i.e.、in other words、namely、viz.

「in other words」

　　[★]

adv.

換言すれば

関: i.e.、id est、viz.

「vi」

　　[★]

初速度 initial velocity

linux

検索

:/<文字列>　：　文字列 を検索する（順方向） 
:?<文字列>　：　文字列を検索する（逆方向） 
:n　　　　　：　順方向へ検索する  
:N　　　　　：　逆方向へ検索する

終了

:q　　　　　：　(何も変更していない場合)保存せずに終了
:q!　　　　　：　(何か変更した場合)保存せずに終了

[1] Brewer, Ebenezer (1970). Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. New York: Harper & Row. p. 1132.

[3] OED

[4] The New Fowler's Modern English Usage (revised third edition, 1998), pp. 825, 828.

[5] American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917

[AMHER1917-6] AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917.

[7] Black's Law Dictionary (sixth edition, 1990), p. 1403.

[8] AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1560.

[9] The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg.

[2] According to E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897), Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, the same abbreviation mark was used for "habet" and "omnibus".

匿名

検索

案内

案内

viz.