WordNet

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
relating to or caused by a virus; "viral infection"

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蛋白(たんばく)質
ウィルスの;ウィルスが原因の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/15 10:51:07」(JST)

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Diagram of how a virus capsid can be constructed using multiple copies of just two protein molecules

A viral protein is a protein encoded by a virus genome.^[1] Viral proteins are extremely diverse and comprise enzymatic functions that do not exist in today's cellular organism, for example reverse-transcriptase or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These pool of unique enzymatic activities plays a role in evolution of cellular organisms. The syncytin is retrovirus protein that have been captured in mammals genome to allow membrane fusion in placental morphogenesis.^[2]

Viruses encode for two kind of proteins: the replication cycle proteins are conserved within virus family and comprises structural and replication proteins. These class of proteins can be identified by knockout experiment leading to impaired virus replication cycle in cell culture. The host-modulation proteins varies much between each species because they are closely adapted to each host, their function is to counteract innate and acquired antiviral defenses, and to modulate host cell metabolism. These kind of proteins have often been called viral regulatory and accessory proteins because in cell culture their function can be disrupted without much effect on virus replication. It's only in the natural host context that their function makes sense.

A different classification commonly used is structural proteins vs non-structural proteins. Structural proteins are present in the virion, including a capsid protecting the viral genome for most viruses (just as the polyomavirus capsid protein (VP1)), and membrane proteins for enveloped viruses.^[3] Viral nonstructural proteins are all proteins encoded by the virus but not found in the virion. This naming is not much used nowadays, because it relies on a negative result that can prove wrong in the long term.

References

^ Viral Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ [1]
^ Viral Structural Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

External links

List of all known Viral Proteins in UniProtKB
VirusMint

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viral proteins.

This virus-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. ウイルス誘発性の喘鳴および喘息：概要 virus induced wheezing and asthma an overview
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4. 小児におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis b virus infection in children
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English Journal

Efficiency of Membrane Protein Expression Following Infection with Recombinant Adenovirus of Polarized Non-Transformed Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Müller C1, Blenkinsop TA2, Stern JH3, Finnemann SC4.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;854:731-7. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_97.
Transient expression of exogenous proteins facilitates studies of molecular mechanisms and utility for transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in culture. Here, we compared expression of the membrane protein β5 integrin-GFP (β5-GFP) in two recently established models of different
PMID 26427482

Use of the pBUTR Reporter System for Scalable Analysis of 3' UTR-Mediated Gene Regulation.

Chaudhury A1, Neilson JR2.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1358:109-28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3067-8_7.
Posttranscriptional control of mRNA subcellular localization, stability, and translation is a central aspect of gene regulation and expression. Much of this control is mediated via recognition of a given mRNA transcript's 3' untranslated region (UTR) by microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Here we de
PMID 26463380

Generation of Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Encoding VP2, NS1, and VP7 Proteins of Bluetongue Virus.

Marín-López A1, Ortego J2.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1349:137-50. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3008-1_9.
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) is employed widely as an experimental vaccine vector for its lack of replication in mammalian cells and high expression level of foreign/heterologous genes. Recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) are used as platforms for protein production as well as vectors to generate vacci
PMID 26458834