WordNet
- a volunteer committee to maintain order where an efficient legal system does not exist
- a self-constituted organization to promote something (同)citizens committee
- a special group delegated to consider some matter; "a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours" - Milton Berle (同)commission
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『委員会』;《集合的に》委員[全体]
- 警戒,用心
- (米国開拓時代の)自警団
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A vigilance committee was a group formed of private citizens to administer law and order where they considered governmental structures to be inadequate. The term is commonly associated with the frontier areas of the American West in the mid-19th century, where groups attacked cattle rustlers and gangs, and people at gold mining claims. As such groups operated outside the law, they sometimes took excessive actions and killed innocent people. In the years prior to the Civil War, groups worked to free slaves and transport them to freedom.[1]
Contents
- 1 In the West
- 2 Disbandment
- 3 Nature
- 4 Vigilance Committees
- 4.1 The North
- 4.2 The South
- 4.3 The West And Midwest
- 5 Other nations and times
- 6 In film and media
- 7 Other uses of the term
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
In the West
In the western United States, both before and after the Civil War, the primary purpose of these committees was to maintain law and order and administer summary justice where governmental law enforcement was inadequate. In the newly settled areas, vigilance committees provided security, and mediated land disputes. In ranching areas, they ruled on ranch boundaries, registered brands, and protected cattle and horses. In the mining districts, they protected claims,[citation needed] settled claim disputes, and attempted to protect miners and other residents. In California, some residents formed vigilance committees to take control from officials whom they considered to be corrupt.
Disbandment
Vigilance committees were generally abandoned when the conditions favoring their creation ceased to exist. In the west, as governmental jurisdiction increased to the degree that courts could dispense justice, residents abandoned the committees.
Nature
Vigilance committees, by their nature, lacked an outside set of checks and balances, leaving them open for excesses and abuse.
In the West, the speed of the vigilance committees and lack of safeguards sometimes led to the innocent being hanged or to their just disappearing. A few committees were taken over by fraudulent individuals seeking profit or political office.
Vigilance Committees
The North
- Philadelphia Vigilance Committee; 1840s & 1850s, abolitionists who worked to subvert the Fugitive Slave Act and helped escaped slaves, including Henry Box Brown.
- Jackson County, Indiana Vigilance Committee (aka Scarlet Mask Society or Southern Indiana Vigilance Committee), 1868 - captured and hanged 10 members of the Reno Gang
The South
- Know-Nothing Riot; 1850s, New Orleans, Louisiana
The West And Midwest
- Committee of Vigilance; 1851 & 1856, San Francisco, California
- 3-7-77 Vigilance Committee; 1860s-1870s, Virginia City, Montana
- Anti Horse Thief Association; 1860s, organized at Fort Scott, Kansas
- Baldknobbers; 1880s, Taney, Christian and Greene Counties, Missouri
Other nations and times
- Biddulph Peace Society; 1876, Biddulph, Ontario, Canada
- Whitechapel Vigilance Committee; 1888, London, UK - founded to capture Jack the Ripper.
- Black Panther Party; 1960s, formed by African American activists against police brutality and oppression.
In film and media
- The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) is a movie directed by William A. Wellman, based on the novel of the same name written by Walter Van Tilburg Clark (19xx). The story tells of a group of men pursuing cattle rustlers, capturing and hanging them, and the moral consequences.
- "Ride in the Whirlwind" (1966) is a movie directed by Monte Hellman, written by Jack Nicholson, that tells the story of innocent men, who are thought to be part of a gang, on the run from members of a vigilance committee.
Other uses of the term
- Vigilance Committee is also a term used by some interest groups who monitor the actions of others.
See also
References
- ^ "Arthursville abolitionists ran Underground Railroad through Pittsburgh". Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- Roger D. McGrath, Gunfighters, Highwaymen and Vigilantes, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984. ISBN 0-520-06026-1
External links
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The Surgical Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop.
- Udelsman R1, Akerström G, Biagini C, Duh QY, Miccoli P, Niederle B, Tonelli F.
- The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2014 Aug 27:jc20142000. [Epub ahead of print]
- Objective: The surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has undergone considerable advances over the past two decades. The purpose of this report is to review these advances. Participants: This subgroup was constituted by the Steering Committee of the Fourth International Workshop o
- PMID 25162669
- Development of country-wide strategies to reduce the alcohol abuse.
- Nikfarjam A1, Memaryan N1, Damari B2, Zamani N3, Hassanian-Moghaddam H3.
- International journal of preventive medicine.Int J Prev Med.2014 Apr;5(4):522-6.
- BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that in Iran alcohol abuse rate may be of concern, especially among the youth. The mental and social health and addiction Department of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education has designed a plan to prevent, treat, and rehabilitate the patients abusing alcohol in a ti
- PMID 24829743
- Anesthesia and sedation outside the operating room.
- Campbell K1, Torres L2, Stayer S3.
- Anesthesiology clinics.Anesthesiol Clin.2014 Mar;32(1):25-43. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2013.10.010.
- The volume of pediatric invasive and noninvasive procedures outside the operating room continues to increase. The acuity and complexity of patient clinical condition has resulted in the expansion of the anesthesiologist's role in remote sites. The anesthesia provider must ensure patient safety by as
- PMID 24491648
Japanese Journal
- 神経治療の発展,インパクトと課題:多発性硬化症治療薬の足跡をたどる
- 藤原 一男
- 神経治療学 35(2), 79-82, 2018
- … <p>European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis, the world–largest MS meeting, held in Paris in 2017 attracted more than 10,000 participants. … 2) MS–DMD–associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy worries neurologists and calls for clinical vigilance. …
- NAID 130007472907
- 河村 義人
- 社会理論研究 = The Journal for studies of social theory : The Bulletin of ISST (15), 35-50, 2014-12
- NAID 40020364053
- Tracheo-Bronchial Obstruction and Esophageal Perforation after TEVAR for Thoracic Aortic Rupture
- Seto Tatsuichiro,Amano Jun,Fukui Daisuke,Tanaka Haruki,Komatsu Kazunori,Ohtsu Yoshinori,Terasaki Takamitsu,Wada Yuko,Takano Tamaki,Koike Shoichiro
- Annals of Vascular Diseases 7(4), 421-425, 2014
- … Despite the less invasive nature of endovascular treatment, esophageal perforation can nevertheless occur and postoperative vigilance is well warranted. …
- NAID 130004949157
Related Links
- vigilance committeeとは。意味や和訳。((米))自警団. - 40万項目以上収録、例文・コロケーションが豊富な無料英和和英辞典。 ... "I have gone to Australia" このフレーズの間違いは?
- vigilance committee n. A volunteer group of citizens that without authority assumes powers such as pursuing and punishing those suspected of lawbreaking. vigilance committee n 1. (in the US) a self-appointed body of citizens ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 寝ずの番をすること、警戒、用心。覚醒。(医)不眠症
- 関
- arousal, awakening, wakefulness
[★]
- 関
- commission