videlicet

PrepTutorEJDIC

すなわち({略}viz.)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/05 00:34:11」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Look up viz. or videlicet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

"Sc." redirects here. For other uses, see SC (disambiguation).

Viz. (also rendered viz without a period) and the adverb videlicet are used as synonyms for "namely", "that is to say", and "as follows".

Etymology

Viz. is the medieval scribal abbreviation for videlicet; it specifically uses a Tironian abbreviation. It comprises the letters v and i followed by ⁊,^[1]^{[note 1]} the common Medieval Latin contraction for et and -et. It has been included in Unicode since version 5.1. The current use of ⁊ to also mean "and" (regardless of what word means "and" in the text's language) is the only other case of remaining usage of any Tironian abbreviation.

Videlicet is a contraction of Classical Latin vidēre licet, which meant "it may be seen; evidently; clearly" (vidēre, to see; licet, third person singular present tense of licēre, "to be permitted"). In Latin, videlicet was used to confirm a previous sentence or to state its contrary.

Usage

Viz. is an abbreviation of videlicet, which itself is a contraction from Latin of "videre licet" meaning "it is permitted to see".^[2]^[3]^[4] Both forms introduce a specification or description of something stated earlier; this is often a list preceded by a colon (:). Although both forms survived in English, viz. is far more common than videlicet.

In contradistinction to i.e. and e.g., viz. is used to indicate a detailed description of something stated before, and when it precedes a list of group members, it implies (near) completeness.

Viz. is usually read aloud as "that is", "namely", or "to wit",^[5] but is sometimes pronounced as it is spelt, viz.: /ˈvɪz/.

Videlicet is pronounced /vɪˈdɛlɨsɛt/ or /wɪˈdeɪlɨkɛt/.^[5]

A similar expression is scilicet, abbreviated as sc., which is Latin for "it is permitted to know". Sc. provides a parenthetic clarification, removes an ambiguity, or supplies a word omitted in preceding text, while viz. is usually used to elaborate or detail text which precedes it. In legal usage, scilicet appears abbreviated as ss. or, in a caption, as §, where it provides a statement of venue^{[clarification needed]} and is read as "to wit".^[6] Scilicet can be read as "namely", "to wit", or "that is to say", or pronounced /ˈsɪlɨsɛt/ or /ˈskiːlɨkɛt/.^[7]

Examples

The main point of his speech, viz. that our attitude was in fact harmful, was not understood.
"My grandfather had four sons who grew up, viz.: Thomas, John, Benjamin and Josiah."^[8]
The noble gases, viz., helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, and radon, show an unexpected behavior when exposed to this new element.

References

^ Brewer, Ebenezer (1970). Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. New York: Harper & Row. p. 1132.
^ OED
^ The New Fowler's Modern English Usage (revised third edition, 1998), pp. 825, 828.
^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917
^ ^a ^b AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917.
^ Black's Law Dictionary (sixth edition, 1990), p. 1403.
^ AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1560.
^ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg.

Notes

^ According to E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897), Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, the same abbreviation mark was used for "habet" and "omnibus".

English Journal

[Electronic deficit as a possible health risk factor].

Rakhmanin YA, Stekhin AA, Yakovleva GV.
Gigiena i sanitariia.Gig Sanit.2014 Jan-Feb;(1):5-8.
There is presented the analysis of medical-demographic situation in Russia, and the increase in population mortality is shown both to be associated with the degradation of the geosphere and alongside with other factors determined by the change in the electronic state of the environment. On the base
PMID 24749272

[Stress response genes expression analysis of barley Hordeum vulgare under space flight environment].

Shagimardanova EI, Gusev OA, Sychev VN, Levinskikh MA, Sharipova MR, Il'inskaia ON, Bingham G, Sugimoto M.
Molekuliarnaia biologiia.Mol Biol (Mosk).2010 Sep-Oct;44(5):831-8.
Transcriptome of barley Hordeum vulgare grown aboard International Space Station (ISS) was analyzed by means of microarray. It was revealed 500 genes with mRNA level, changed more than two folds in space environment. Among them are genes encoding stress response proteins, videlicet Heat Shock Protei
PMID 21090239

Japanese Journal

トマス・アクィナス『「主の祈り」講解』 : 翻訳のこころみ(3)

聖泉論叢 (22), 61-70, 2014
NAID 120005621080

トマス・アクィナス『「主の祈り」講解』 : 翻訳のこころみ(2)

聖泉論叢 (22), 51-60, 2014
NAID 120005621079

トマス・アクィナス『「主の祈り」講解』 : 翻訳のこころみ(1)

聖泉論叢 (22), 41-50, 2014
NAID 120005621078

Related Pictures

VIDELICET by Angela Marchelin | 내 세상 Originum ac Germanicarum Antiquitatum Libri, Leges videlicet, Salicae, Allemannorum View topic - Dragon Three-Flock 2-DragonVale - Chicken Smoothie Videlicet Unus by Zeknox on DeviantArt Himerii Sophistae Quae Reperiri Potverunt Videlicet Eclogae E Photii Myriobiblo videlicet - definition - What is ? (Naphtali) Tribus Neptalim videlicet, ea Terra Sanctae pars, quam in divisione 慶應義塾大学理工学部情報工学科

[1] Brewer, Ebenezer (1970). Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. New York: Harper & Row. p. 1132.

[3] OED

[4] The New Fowler's Modern English Usage (revised third edition, 1998), pp. 825, 828.

[5] American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917

[AMHER1917-6] AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1917.

[7] Black's Law Dictionary (sixth edition, 1990), p. 1403.

[8] AMHER (fourth edition, 2000), p. 1560.

[9] The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg.

[2] According to E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897), Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, the same abbreviation mark was used for "habet" and "omnibus".

匿名

検索

案内

案内