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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/27 19:44:36」(JST)

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The pulmonary veins are large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart. There are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung. The pulmonary veins are among the few veins that carry oxygenated blood.

Structure

Two pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the left atrium. An inferior and superior vein drains each lung, so there are four veins in total.^[1] The veins are fixed to the pericardium. The pulmonary veins travel alongside the pulmonary arteries^[2]

At the root of the lung, the right superior pulmonary vein lies in front of and a little below the pulmonary artery; the inferior is situated at the lowest part of the lung hilum. Behind the pulmonary artery is the bronchus.^[2]

The right pulmonary veins (contains oxygenated blood) pass behind the right atrium and superior vena cava; the left in front of the descending thoracic aorta.

Variation

Occasionally the three veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left pulmonary veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between three and five in the healthy population.

The two left pulmonary veins may be united as a single pulmonary vein in about 25% of people; the two right veins may be united in about 3%.^[2]

Development

Function

The pulmonary veins play an essential role in respiration, by receiving blood that has been oxygenated in the alveoli and returning it to the left atrium.

Clinical significance

As part of the pulmonary circulation they carry oxygenated blood back to the heart, as opposed to the veins of the systemic circulation which carry deoxygenated blood.

When the pulmonary veins drain into the systemic circulation in whole or in part, this is known as a total anomalous pulmonary venous circulation or partial anomalous pulmonary circulation, respectively.

Additional images

Bronchial anatomy
Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs
Pulmonary circuit
Heart seen from above.
Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs.
Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart.
The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.
Left atrium

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students (Pbk. ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-06612-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Skandalakis, editor in chief John E. (2004). "Chapter 7. Pericardium, Heart, and Great Vessels in the Thorax". Skandalakis' surgical anatomy : the embryologic and anatomic basis of modern surgery. Athens, Greece: PMP. pp. section titled 'Pulmonary veins'. ISBN 9603990744.

External links

Anatomy figure: 19:05-08 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Illustration at infomat.net

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Inferior vena cava filter placement at bedside using computed tomography scan information: a new technique for accurate deployment.

Srivastava A1, Troop B2, Peick A2, Kanne A2.
American journal of surgery.Am J Surg.2016 Jan;211(1):172-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.08.017. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
BACKGROUND: An inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) is indicated for the prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism where anticoagulation is contraindicated. The majority of these filters are placed using fluoroscopy and venogram. We hypothesized that a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis pro
PMID 26525532

Thrombolytics for late superior caval vein thrombus in a patient with tricuspid atresia and single-lung Glenn anastomosis.

Bonnel AR1, Paruchuri V2, Franklin WJ3.
Cardiology in the young.Cardiol Young.2016 Jan;26(1):209-13. doi: 10.1017/S1047951115000670. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
BACKGROUND: Those with cyanotic heart disease have an elevated bleeding risk but also are hypercoaguable. Treating haemodynamically significant thrombi in this unique cohort poses a monumental challenge. Case A 29-year-old women with tricuspid atresia and left pulmonary artery atresia presented with
PMID 26194906

Electrophysiological findings and long-term outcomes of percutaneous ablation of atrial arrhythmias after surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation†.

Trumello C1, Pozzoli A2, Mazzone P3, Nascimbene S2, Bignami E4, Cireddu M3, Della Bella P3, Alfieri O2, Benussi S2.
European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.2016 Jan;49(1):273-80. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv034. Epub 2015 Mar 1.
OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous ablation (PA) for relapsing atrial tachyarrhythmias after surgical ablation is an emerging therapy. The aim of this study is to report the electrophysiological findings and the procedural long-term outcomes of reablation, in this particular clinical setting.METHODS: We retro
PMID 25732974

Japanese Journal

心臟性喘息ニ於ケル血淋巴腺形成ニ就テ:特ニ氣管枝喘息トノ比較

日本内分泌学会雑誌 12(10), 1273-1288_1,64, 1937
NAID 130001918870

氣管枝喘息並ニ實驗的喘息ニ於ケル血淋巴腺ノ成因ニ就テ:第三編ヒスタミン並ニ過敏症ショックニ於ケル氣管淋巴腺ノ血淋巴腺形成ニ就テ

日本内分泌学会雑誌 11(12), 1357-1380_1,78, 1936
NAID 130001920317

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リンク元	「肺静脈」
関連記事	「vena」

「肺静脈」

Pulmonary Veins
	Diagram of the alveoli with both cross-section and external view.
Details
Precursor	truncus arteriosus
Drains from	lungs
Drains to	left atrium
Artery	pulmonary artery
Identifiers
Latin	venae pulmonales
MeSH	A07.231.908.713
TA	A12.3.02.001
FMA	70827
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]