WordNet

an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
(of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees

PrepTutorEJDIC

反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/17 15:18:48」(JST)

wiki en

Vagus influence on gastric secretions.^[1]

Vagovagal reflex refers to gastrointestinal tract reflex circuits where afferent and efferent fibers of the vagus nerve^[2] coordinate responses to gut stimuli via the dorsal vagal complex in the brain. The vagovagal reflex controls contraction of the gastrointestinal muscle layers in response to distension of the tract by food. This reflex also allows for the accommodation of large amounts of food in the gastrointestinal tracts.

The parasympathetic vagus nerve composed of both afferents and efferents carries signals from stretch receptors, osmoreceptors, and chemoreceptors to dorsal vagal complex where the signal may be further transmitted to autonomic centers in the medulla. Efferent fibers of the vagus then carry signals to the gastrointestinal tract up to 2/3 of the Tranverse Colon (coinciding with the second GI Watershed Point).

Function

The vagovagal reflex is active during the receptive relaxation of the stomach in response to swallowing of food (prior to it reaching the stomach). When food enters the stomach a "vagovagal" reflex goes from the stomach to the brain, and then back again to the stomach causing active relaxation of the smooth muscle in the stomach wall. If vagal innervation is interrupted then intra-gastric pressure increases.

The vagal afferents are activated during the gastric phase of digestion when the corpus and fundus of the stomach are distended secondary to the entry of a food bolus. The stimulation of the mechanical receptors located in the gastric mucosa stimulates the vagus afferents. The completion of the reflex circuit by vagus efferents leads to the stimulation of postganglionic muscarinic nerves. These nerves release acetylcholine to stimulate two end effects. One, the parietal cells in the body of the stomach are stimulated to release H⁺. Two, the ECL cells of the lamina propria of the body of the stomach are stimulated to release histamine. Vagal stimulation of the peptidergic neurons, occurring simultaneously, leads to the release of gastrin-releasing-peptide. Finally, the Delta cells are inhibited to reduce the inhibition of gastrin release.

References

^ Enterochromaffin-like Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Herman MA, Cruz MT, Sahibzada N, Verbalis J, Gillis RA (January 2009). "GABA signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarius sets the level of activity in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus cholinergic neurons in the vagovagal circuit". Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 296 (1): G101–11. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90504.2008. PMC 2636929. PMID 19008339.

Binder, Henry. "Organization of the Gastrointestinal System."Medical Physiology. 1st ed. 2002. Print.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 反射性失神 reflex syncope
2. 幼児および小児における視覚の発達および視力評価 visual development and vision assessment in infants and children
3. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy
4. 頸動脈内膜剥離術および頸動脈ステント留置術の麻酔 anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting
5. 成人における昏迷および昏睡 stupor and coma in adults

English Journal

Secretin: historical perspective and current status.

Chey WY1, Chang TM.
Pancreas.Pancreas.2014 Mar;43(2):162-82. doi: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000437325.29728.d6.
This review describes the history of secretin discovery, identification, purification, and structural determination; cloning of secretin and its receptor; synthetic secretin; and highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay to define the characteristic physiological role on postprandial pancreatic
PMID 24518494

Endothelin-1 and -3 induce choleresis in the rat through ETB receptors coupled to nitric oxide and vagovagal reflexes.

Rodriguez MR1, Soria LR, Ventimiglia MS, Najenson AC, Di María A, Dabas P, Fellet A, Marinelli RA, Vatta MS, Bianciotti LG.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2013 Dec;125(11):521-32. doi: 10.1042/CS20120633.
We have reported previously that centrally applied ET (endothelin)-1 and ET-3 induce either choleresis or cholestasis depending on the dose. In the present study, we sought to establish the role of these endothelins in the short-term peripheral regulation of bile secretion in the rat. Intravenously
PMID 23642207

Continuous administration of enteral lipid- and protein-rich nutrition limits inflammation in a human endotoxemia model.

Lubbers T1, Kox M, de Haan JJ, Greve JW, Pompe JC, Ramakers BP, Pickkers P, Buurman WA.
Critical care medicine.Crit Care Med.2013 May;41(5):1258-65. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827c0a17.
OBJECTIVE: An overzealous inflammatory response is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical, trauma, and critically ill patients. Enteral administration of lipid-rich nutrition was previously shown to attenuate inflammation and reduce organ damage via a cholecystokinin-1 receptor-me
PMID 23388517

Japanese Journal

Orbital Emphysema Causing Syncope

Miki Kentaroh,Orita Yorihisa,Kumase Fumiaki,Sugaya Akiko,Hirai Misato,Noyama Yasuyuki,Nakai Kiyoko,Narita Akiko,Seguchi Jiroh
Acta Medica Okayama 65(1), 55-57, 2011-02
Orbital emphysema is an abnormal condition in which air is present within the orbit. We report a rare case of a 19-year-old man who suffered syncopic attacks caused by sniffles following orbital emphy …
NAID 120002807413