WordNet

brown bile pigment formed from urobilinogens and found in feces and in small amounts in urine

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/12 02:19:51」(JST)

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Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related compound urobilinogen, are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme.

Metabolism

Urobilin is generated from the degradation of heme, which is first degraded through biliverdin to bilirubin. Bilirubin is then excreted as bile, which is further degraded by microbes present in the large intestine to urobilinogen. Some of this remains in the large intestine, and its conversion to stercobilin gives feces its brown color. Some is reabsorbed into the bloodstream, where it is oxidized to urobilin and eventually excreted by the kidneys, giving urine its yellow color.^[1]

Importance

Many urine tests (urinalysis) monitor the amount of urobilin in urine, as its levels can give insight on the effectiveness of urinary tract function. Normally, urine would appear as either light yellow urine or colorless. A lack of water intake, for example following sleep or dehydration, reduces the water content of urine, thereby concentrating urobilin and producing a darker color of urine. Obstructive jaundice reduces biliary bilirubin excretion, which is then excreted directly from the blood stream into the urine, giving a dark-colored urine but with a paradoxically low urobilin concentration, no urobilinogen, and usually with correspondingly pale faeces. Darker urine also results due to other chemicals, such as various ingested dietary components or drugs, porphyrins in porphyria, and homogentisate in patients with alcaptonuria.

References

^ Donald J. Voet; Judith G. Voet; Charlotte W. Pratt (2008). "Synthesis and degradation of amino acids". Principles of Biochemistry, Third edition. Wiley. p. 778. ISBN 978-0470-23396-2.

Voet and Voet Biochemistry Ed 3 page 1022
Nelson, L., David, Cox M.M., .2005. “Chapter 22- Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules”, pp. 856, In Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. Freeman, New York. pp. 856
Bishop, Michael, Duben-Engelkirk, Janet L., and Fody, Edward P. "Chapter 19, Liver Function, Clinical Chemistry Principles, Procedures, Correlations, 2nd Ed." Philadelphia: copyright 1992 J.B. Lippincott Company.
Munson-Ringsrud, Karen and Jorgenson-Linné, Jean "Urinalysis and Body Fluids, A ColorText and Atlas." St. Louis: copyright 1995 Mosby

UpToDate Contents

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1. 新生児における非抱合型高ビリルビン血症の発症機序および病因 pathogenesis and etiology of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn
2. 黄疸または無症候性高ビリルビン血症成人患者に対する診断的アプローチ diagnostic approach to the adult with jaundice or asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia

English Journal

Benign and tumor parenchyma metabolomic profiles affect compensatory renal growth in renal cell carcinoma surgical patients.

Rosenzweig B1, Rubinstein ND2, Reznik E3, Shingarev R4, Juluru K5, Akin O5, Hsieh JJ6, Jaimes EA4, Russo P1, Susztak K7, Coleman JA1, Hakimi AA1,6.
PloS one.PLoS One.2017 Jul 20;12(7):e0180350. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180350. eCollection 2017.
PMID 28727768

Genetic and ecophysiological traits of Synechococcus strains isolated from coastal and open ocean waters of the Arabian Sea.

Bemal S1, Anil AC2.
FEMS microbiology ecology.FEMS Microbiol Ecol.2016 Nov;92(11). pii: fiw162. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiw162. Epub 2016 Aug 4.
PMID 27495242

Smartphone-based, sensitive µPAD detection of urinary tract infection and gonorrhea.

Cho S1, Park TS1, Nahapetian TG2, Yoon JY3.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Dec 15;74:601-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.014. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
PMID 26190472

Japanese Journal

尿検査尿中ウロビリノーゲン,ウロビリン,ビリルビン (広範囲血液・尿化学検査,免疫学的検査(第7版・1)その数値をどう読むか) -- (一般検査(尿・髄液・糞便検査を含む))

小林由直
日本臨床 67(-) (968), 124-127, 2009-12-00
NAID 40016874445

河川水中の抗生物質耐性黄色ブドウ球菌の分布

宮原裕一,井本真波美,荒井園枝,鈴木潤三,鈴木静夫
環境科学会誌 = Environmental science 8(2), 171-179, 1995-05-31
NAID 10002756676

Estimation of i-Urobilin Movement in an Aquatic Environment

宮原裕一,鈴木潤三,鈴木静夫
衛生化学 40(1), 13-19, 1994-02-28
… A large amount of i-urobilin is present in the bottom sediment of urban rivers, and the value of distribution ratio (sediment/water) increase along the river, being higher at the river mouth. … The adsorption equilibrium of i-urobilin is important to estimate the movement of i-urobilin as a fecal pollution indicator in the aquatic environment. … A model adsorption experiment was carried out to determine the factors affecting the uptake of i-urobilin by the bottom sediment. …
NAID 110003641986

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「ウロビリン」

Urobilin
Names
	Other names Urochrome
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	1856-98-0
ChemSpider	4938471
	InChI InChI=1S/C33H42N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h15,26-27,35H,7-14H2,1-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b28-15-/t26-,27-/m0/s1 ; Key: KDCCOOGTVSRCHX-UYMYUHGCSA-N ; InChI=1/C33H42N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h15,26-27,35H,7-14H2,1-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b28-15-/t26-,27-/m0/s1; Key: KDCCOOGTVSRCHX-UYMYUHGCBF ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
MeSH	Urobilin
PubChem	6433298
	SMILES O=C1/C(=C(/CC)[C@@H](N1)Cc2c(c(c(n2)\C=C3/N=C(\C(=C3CCC(=O)O)C)C[C@@H]/4NC(=O)\C(=C\4C)CC)CCC(=O)O)C)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C33H42N4O6
Molar mass	590.71
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

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英: urobilin
同: メゾビリン mesobilin
関: ウロビリノゲン

[Voet-1] Donald J. Voet; Judith G. Voet; Charlotte W. Pratt (2008). "Synthesis and degradation of amino acids". Principles of Biochemistry, Third edition. Wiley. p. 778. ISBN 978-0470-23396-2.

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urobilin