WordNet

(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"
instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer"
a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going" (同)scheme
a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender" (同)system of rules
a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
bring disorder to (同)disarray
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time" (同)upset
a disturbance of the peace or of public order
have or establish a relationship to; "She relates well to her peers"
be in a relationship with; "How are these two observations related?" (同)interrelate
give an account of; "The witness related the events"
in or near a center or constituting a center; the inner area; "a central position"
a workplace that serves as a telecommunications facility where lines from telephones can be connected together to permit communication (同)telephone exchange, exchange

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(関連した部分から成る)『体系』,系統,組織[網],装置 / 〈C〉(教育・政治などの)『制度』,機構;《the~》体制 / 〈C〉(思想・学問などの)『体系』,学説 / 〈C〉(…の)『方法』,方式,やり方《+of doing》 / 〈U〉正しい方針(筋道,順序) / 〈U〉《the~》(身体の)組織,系統 / 〈U〉《the~,one's~》身体,全身
〈U〉『無秩序』,混乱,乱雑(confusion) / 《しばしば複数形で》(社会的・政治的な)粉争,騒動 / 〈C〉(肉体的・精神的な)不調,異常,障害 / …‘の'秩序を乱す / 〈心身〉‘に'異常を起こさせる
(…に)〈事件・事情など〉‘を'『物語る』《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (…と)…‘を'『関係させる』,結びつける《+『名』+『to(with)』+『名』》 / 〈物・事が〉(…に)関係がある,かかわる《+『to(with)』+『名(wh・節・句)』》 / (…に)〈人が〉なじむ,順応する《+『to』+『名』》
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
『中心の』,中央の,中心からの / 『主要な』,中心的な(main) / (音声が)中舌音の / 電話交換局(《英》[telephone]exchange)

UpToDate Contents

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1. Clinical features and diagnosis of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease and periodic limb movement disorder in adults
2. 成人における慢性腎臓病マネージメントの概要 overview of the management of chronic kidney disease in adults
3. 末期腎不全における睡眠障害 sleep disorders in end stage renal disease
4. 小児における急性発症性精神病の救急外来による評価 emergency department evaluation of acute onset psychosis in children
5. 末期腎不全患者におけるプライマリケア医としての腎臓専門医 the nephrologist as primary care clinician in patients with end stage renal disease

English Journal

Noninvasive imaging for assessment of calcification in chronic kidney disease.

Karohl C, Gascón LD, Raggi P.Author information Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Paulo Gama 110, Porto Alegre, RS 90040-060, Brazil.AbstractVascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and has a progressive course. Several cardiovascular and uremia-related risk factors, such as abnormalities in mineral metabolism, contribute to the development of vascular calcification, although the pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. The presence and extent of vascular calcification is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. By contrast, patients who do not have calcification seem to have a good prognosis, with minimal or no calcification progression over an extended period of time. A number of noninvasive imaging methods are available to detect vascular calcification and may help clinicians to make therapeutic decisions. Cardiac CT remains the reference standard to detect and quantify coronary artery, aortic and cardiac valve calcification. However, the high cost of equipment, the inability to perform in-office testing and the expertise required limit its use on a routine basis. Other imaging methods, such as planar X-ray, ultrasound and echocardiography, are appropriate alternatives to evaluate vascular and valvular calcification. In this review, we discuss the noninvasive imaging methods most frequently used to assess vascular and valvular calcification, with their advantages and limitations.
Nature reviews. Nephrology.Nat Rev Nephrol.2011 Aug 23;7(10):567-77. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.110.
Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and has a progressive course. Several cardiovascular and uremia-related risk factors, such as abnormalities in mineral metabolism, contribute to the development of vascular calcification, although the pathophysiologic
PMID 21862991

Iron therapy, advanced oxidation protein products, and carotid artery intima-media thickness in end-stage renal disease.

Drüeke T, Witko-Sarsat V, Massy Z, Descamps-Latscha B, Guerin AP, Marchais SJ, Gausson V, London GM.Author information INSERM U507 and Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.AbstractBACKGROUND: Increased common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) is a marker of early atherosclerosis. Low-grade inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Low-grade inflammation and increased CCA-IMT are observed in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Oxidative stress is involved in uremia-related inflammation. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) are markers of oxidant-mediated protein damage in ESRD. Intravenous iron given to patients on hemodialysis (HD) might induce oxidative stress. We investigated the relationships between AOPP, iron therapy, and CCA-IMT in stable HD patients.
Circulation.Circulation.2002 Oct 22;106(17):2212-7.
BACKGROUND: Increased common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) is a marker of early atherosclerosis. Low-grade inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Low-grade inflammation and increased CCA-IMT are observed in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Oxidative str
PMID 12390950

Reversible seizures and mental status changes in a dialysis patient on isoniazid preventive therapy.

Asnis DS, Bhat JG, Melchert AF.Author information Department of Internal Medicine, Flushing Hospital Medical Center, NY 11355.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To report a case of reversible seizures and mental status changes in a dialysis patient given preventive isoniazid therapy.
The Annals of pharmacotherapy.Ann Pharmacother.1993 Apr;27(4):444-6.
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of reversible seizures and mental status changes in a dialysis patient given preventive isoniazid therapy.CASE SUMMARY: A 66-year-old woman on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was given isoniazid prophylaxis following a purified protein derivative (PPD) re
PMID 8477121