縮日周期

WordNet

recurring at regular intervals (同)regular recurrence
the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music; "the piece has a fast rhythm"; "the conductor set the beat" (同)beat, musical rhythm
the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements; "the rhythm of Frosts poetry" (同)speech rhythm

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〈U〉『律動,リズム』;韻律 / 〈C〉(特定の)リズム

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/14 00:04:35」(JST)

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Look up ultradian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Ultradian rhythms are recurrent periods or cycles repeated throughout a 24-hour circadian day. In contrast, infradian rhythms, such as the human menstrual cycle, have periods longer than a day.

The descriptive term ultradian is used in sleep research in reference to the 90–120 minute cycling of the sleep stages during human sleep.^[1]

Some of the other ultradian cyclings of the body are blood circulation, blinking, pulse, hormonal release, heart rate, thermoregulation, urination, bowel activity, nostril dilation and appetite. The last involves rhythmic release of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), stimulating and inhibiting appetite ultradian rhythms.

Caenorhabditis elegans is often used as a model animal for ultradian rhythm. Defecation in C. elegans is a tightly controlled rhythmic process. Posterior body wall muscle contractions in C. elegans occur rhythmically every 45–50 seconds and mediate defecation.

Ultradian mood states in bipolar disorder cycle much faster than rapid cycling; the latter is defined as four or more mood episodes in one year, sometimes occurring within a few weeks.^a Ultradian mood cycling is characterized by cycles shorter than 24 hours.^[2]

Notes[edit source | edit]

^a The term rapid cycling was defined prior to discovery of ultradian mood states. Thus it can be misleading to think of these states as ultra-rapid cycling, as this particular form of cycling is also described as a mixed state, and has not gained universal acceptance. Both terms are unable to capture the nature of this unique form of manic-depressive illness.^[2]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Hobson JA, Pace-Schott EF (September 2002). "The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: neuronal systems, consciousness and learning". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3 (9): 679–93. doi:10.1038/nrn91510.1038/nrn915. PMID 12209117.
^ ^a ^b Kramlinger KG, Post RM (March 1996). "Ultra-rapid and ultradian cycling in bipolar affective illness". Br J Psychiatry 168 (3): 314–23. doi:10.1192/bjp.168.3.314. PMID 8833685.

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English Journal

Weather entrainment and multispectral diel activity rhythm of desert hamsters.

Wan X, Zhang X, Huo Y, Wang G.SourceState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
Behavioural processes.Behav Processes.2013 Oct;99:62-6. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.06.011. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
The circadian rhythm of animals is an adaptation to predictable variation in environmental conditions. Multiple internal oscillators may allow animals to cope with environmental oscillations in different frequencies. Heat stress and dramatic differences between night and day temperatures are the mai
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Diminished leptin signaling can alter circadian rhythm of metabolic activity and feeding.

Hsuchou H, Wang Y, Cornelissen-Guillaume GG, Kastin AJ, Jang E, Halberg F, Pan W.SourceBlood-Brain Barrier Group, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).J Appl Physiol (1985).2013 Oct;115(7):995-1003. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00630.2013. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
Leptin, a hormone mainly produced by fat cells, shows cell-specific effects to regulate feeding and metabolic activities. We propose that an important feature of metabolic dysregulation resulting in obesity is the loss of the circadian rhythm of biopotentials. This was tested in the pan-leptin recep
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Mathematical modeling of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis, including hippocampal mechanisms.

Andersen M, Vinther F, Ottesen JT.SourceTechnical University of Denmark, DTU Compute, Matematiktorvet 303B, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Roskilde University, Building 27.1, NSM, IMFUFA, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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This paper presents a mathematical model of the HPA axis. The HPA axis consists of the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the adrenal glands in which the three hormones CRH, ACTH and cortisol interact through receptor dynamics. Furthermore, it has been suggested that receptors in the hippocampus have a
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