WordNet

immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies (同)vaccinum
serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water (同)typhoid_fever, enteric_fever

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牛痘種,痘苗(牛痘を起こすビールスで,天然痘予防のために人体に接種される) / (伝染病の病原菌から作った)ワクチン
腸チフス / 腸チフスの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/02 14:26:13」(JST)

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Typhoid vaccines are vaccines developed to prevent typhoid fever.

There are two effective types:^[1]

Ty21a, which is a live vaccine given orally
Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine, which is an injectable subunit vaccine

Ty21a is licensed for use from age six years and older. Boosters are recommended every 5 years.^[2] The Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine is licensed for use from age two years and older, and boosters are required every three years.^[3]

Almroth Edward Wright developed an effective inactivated whole-cell typhoid vaccine that was introduced in 1896.^[1] Due to side-effects its usage was eventually discontinued.^[3]

An experimental vaccine called Vi-rEPA has showed promising results in trials so far, indicating higher effectiveness and longer immunity. However, it has yet to be licensed for use.^[1]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.^[4]

Available preparations

Vi polysaccharide vaccine: Typhim Vi® (Sanofi Pasteur); Typherix® (GSK)^[3]
Combined hepatitis A/Vi polysaccharide vaccine: ViATIM® (Sanofi Pasteur); Hepatyrix® (GSK)^[3]
Ty21a oral vaccine: Vivotif® (Crucell)^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Fraser A, Goldberg E, Acosta CJ, Paul M, Leibovici L (2007). "Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD001261. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub2. PMID 17636661.
^ http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM142807.pdf
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Salisbury, D; Ramsay, M; Noakes, K. ""Chapter 33: Typhoid"". Immunisation against infectious disease. Department of Health. p. 418. ISBN 0-11-322528-8.
^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines". World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 旅行者のための予防接種 immunizations for travel
2. 腸チフスの治療および予防 treatment and prevention of typhoid fever
3. 中央アフリカへの旅行によって感染する可能性のある疾患 diseases potentially acquired by travel to central africa
4. 腸チフスの疫学、微生物学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology microbiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of typhoid fever
5. 予防接種に対するアレルギー反応 allergic reactions to vaccines

English Journal

Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens.

Schmidt A1, Rabsch W2, Broeker NK1, Barbirz S3.
BMC microbiology.BMC Microbiol.2016 Sep 7;16:207. doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0826-0.
BACKGROUND: Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. Moreover, variations in glucosylated O-antigens are related to immunogenicity an
PMID 27604475

Salmonella Serogroup C: Current Status of Vaccines and Why They Are Needed.

Fuche FJ1, Sow O1, Simon R1, Tennant SM2.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI.Clin Vaccine Immunol.2016 Sep 6;23(9):737-45. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00243-16. Print 2016 Sep.
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS; i.e., Salmonella enterica organisms that do not cause typhoid or paratyphoid) are responsible for 94 million infections and 155,000 deaths worldwide annually, 86% of which are estimated to be foodborne. Although more than 50 serogroups and 2,600 serovars have been descr
PMID 27413069

Effects of typhoid vaccine on inflammation and sleep in healthy participants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

Sharpley AL1, Cooper CM2, Williams C2, Godlewska BR2, Cowen PJ2.
Psychopharmacology.Psychopharmacology (Berl).2016 Sep;233(18):3429-35. doi: 10.1007/s00213-016-4381-z. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
RATIONALE: An increasing body of evidence links the occurrence of sleep continuity disturbances with increased inflammation and both sleep disturbances and inflammation are associated with clinical depression. Typhoid vaccination results in a mild inflammatory response that significantly increases l
PMID 27503474

Japanese Journal

発展途上国に長期滞在する日本人の予防接種状況の変化

濱田篤郎,古賀才博,福島慎二
感染症学雑誌 : 日本伝染病学会機関誌 : the journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 83(4), 375-379, 2009-07-20
NAID 10025556503

国内で市販されていない海外渡航者用ワクチン(腸チフス及び髄膜炎菌ワクチン)への需要と接種希望者の検討

高山直秀
感染症学雑誌 : 日本伝染病学会機関誌 : the journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 79(4), 254-259, 2005-04-20
NAID 10015684328

Related Pictures

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リンク元	「腸チフスワクチン」
拡張検索	「typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine」
関連記事	「typhoid」

「腸チフスワクチン」

Typhoid vaccine
Vaccine description
Target disease	Typhoid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a607028
Legal status	?
Identifiers
CAS number
ATC code	J07AP01 J07AP02 J07AP03
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